<p>Rim Drive is a scenic highway in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon, United States. It is a 33 mi loop that follows the caldera rim around Crater Lake. Due to its unique engineering and the surrounding park landscape, the drive was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Crater Lake lies inside a caldera created 7,700 years ago when the 12,000 ft high Mount Mazama collapsed following a large volcanic eruption. Over the following millennia the caldera filled with rain water forming today&#39;s lake.</p><br>
<p>In 1886, William Gladstone Steel accompanied a United States Geological Survey party led by Captain Clarence Dutton to survey Crater Lake. During the visit, Steel named many of the lakes landmarks including Wizard Island, Llao Rock, and Skell Head. The lakes natural beauty made a great impression on Steel. As a result, when he returned from the survey expedition, he began advocating that Crater Lake be established as a national park.</p><br>
<p>On 22 May 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill making Crater Lake the Nations sixth national park. The United States Department of the Interior was charged with developing road access and visitor services for the park. This was a difficult job because of the parks remote location at the summit of the Cascade Mountains. By 1905, a "steep and tortuous" road to the crater rim had been completed. This access road was essential for the future development of the park.</p><br>
<p>In 1913, Congress appropriated funds for the USA Army Corps of Engineers to construct a road around Crater Lake. The initial road survey identified the northern end of Munson Valley, three miles (5 km) south of the rim, as the best site for the road crew&#39;s seasonal headquarters and supply depot. Not only was Munson Valley a central location, the surrounding area provided timber for constructing support facilities. However, World War I slowed down road construction.</p><br>
<p>The road around the lake was finally finished in 1919. In July of that year, the National Park Service assumed responsibility for maintaining the new loop road known as Rim Road. The roadway was only 12 ft wide and had other serious limitations including sections of road with grades as steep as ten percent. As a result, a major upgrade was needed soon after the original road was completed.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>One of the main goals of the Rim Drive construction project was to blend the road into the natural environment. This was successfully accomplished. The road is built with gentle curves and there are no switchbacks despite the rugged terrain. Rustic stone guardrails were constructed along curves, at drainages, and at most of the Rim Drive viewpoints. While the observation points and turnouts provide views of the lake, the road itself cannot be seen from most of the observation points. Because of its unique history, engineering, stone masonry, associated hiking trails, and vistas of Crater Lake, Rim Drive was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 30 January 2008. In addition, the American Automobile Association has named Rim Drive as one of the "ten most beautiful roads in the United States".</p><br>
<h2>Route</h2><br>
<p>Heading northwest from the Crater Lake National Park headquarters in the Munson Valley Historic District, it is three miles (5 km) to Crater Lake rim and the Rim Village visitor area which is also a historic district. The Sinnott Memorial overlook is located in Rim Village. Leaving Rim Village, the speed limit is reduced to 35 mi/h. Visitors reach the Discovery Point viewing area in just over one mile (1.6 km). From there, it is five miles (8 km) to the junction with the North Entrance Road. Between these two way points visitors pass over the 7,350 ft West Rim Summit. The section of Rim Drive between Rim Village and the North Entrance Road is known as West Rim Drive. This part of the road is used heavily during the summer because it is the direct route between the park&#39;s north and south entrances and passes by the Rim Village visitor area and the park headquarters at Munson Valley. It also offers classic views of Crater Lake and Wizard Island along the way.</p><br>
<p>Continuing north on Rim Drive past the North Entrance Road junction, visitors traverse the back side of Llao Rock. This is the beginning of East Rim Drive. The next turnout for viewing the lake is approximately two miles beyond the North Entrance Road junction. Viewpoints along East Rim Drive are generally not crowded except at the Cleetwood Cove parking area which is at the north end of Crater Lake. Cleetwood Cove is the trailhead for the only hiking trail down into the crater. The National Park Service maintains a marina for boat tours at Cleetwood Cove.</p><br>
<p>Beyond Cleetwood Cove, on East Rim Drive there are a series of seven turnout-parking vista points. These turnouts retain almost all of their original stone masonry and have views of Crater Lake. The first of these view points is located above Grotto Cove, about halfway around the lake from Rim Village. The next viewing area is Skell Head, about a half mile from Grotto Cove. The next five vista points are spread over the approximately seven miles. These stops are Cloudcap, Cottage Rocks, Sentinel Point, Reflection Point, and Kerr Notch. Each site has views of the lake and surrounding landscape include Mount Scott.</p><br>
<p>Kerr Notch, located 21 mi from Rim Village, is the last observation point on the Rim Drive loop with a view of the lake. After leaving Kerr Notch the road cuts across the east face of Dutton Ridge offering a view of the Klamath Basin from near the East Rim Summit. Rim Drive then descends to the Sun Notch trailhead where visitors can hike to another viewpoint overlooking the lake. Rim Drive continues along the outer edge of Sun Meadow to a parking area in front of Vidae Falls, a 100 ft cascade. Vidae Falls has a picnic area and a trailhead to a cinder cone called Crater Peak.</p><br>
<p>The final two miles (3 km) of Rim Drive passes by the Castle Crest Wildflower Garden. The half mile long Castle Crest Nature Trail takes visitor through a wetland wildflower meadow. The wildflower display is at its peak in July and August. Rim Drive terminates a half mile from the Castle Crest parking area, at the Munson Valley Road junction near the park headquarters and visitor center.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Rim Drive has two access points. The south access begins at the park headquarters in the Munson Valley Historic District sixty miles north of Klamath Falls, Oregon. The road to Munson Valley is open year-around. However, snowfall in the park is heavy and winter storms make driving in the Crater Lake area unpredictable.</p><br>
<p>In the Crater Lake area, winter lasts eight months with an average snowfall of 533 inches (1,354 cm) per year, and many snow banks remain well into the summer. While the park headquarters and visitor center at Munson Valley and the Rim Village cafeteria are open year-around, Rim Drive is only open during the summer due to the heavy snowfall. In most places, the road is covered by more than 20 ft of snow with drifts as deep as 60 ft in some areas. Sensors buried in the roadway help snow removal crews locate the center of the road under the accumulated snow.</p><br>
<p>During the summer, the National Park Service charges a $30 fee for private passenger vehicles entering the park. In non summer months the fee is $15 for private passenger vehicles. Commercial vehicles are charged between $25 and $200 depending on the vehicle&#39;s capacity.</p><br>
<p>The Governor Stephen Hopkins House is a museum and National Historic Landmark at 15 Hopkins Street in Providence, Rhode Island. It was the home of Stephen Hopkins, a governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and a signer of the Declaration of Independence.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Stephen Hopkins House is an L-shaped, 2½-story, wood-framed structure whose main block was built in 1742–43 for Hopkins, with an attached two-story ell whose first floor dates to 1707. The main block is four bays wide and two deep, with the main entrance in the second bay from the left. This entry is a 20th-century alteration; the original main entrance was through a doorway on the west side of the ell.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the main block has the main parlor on the right and Governor Hopkins&#39; study on the left, flanking a central hallway with stair. Behind the parlor is a keeping room, with a small bedchamber behind the study. There are five bedrooms on the second floor, two with fireplaces. The downstairs fireplace mantels are paneled, with the one in the parlor slightly more elaborate.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Stephen Hopkins purchased the original house in 1742 and enlarged it to its present size. It served as his home until his death in 1785. During these years, he served in the colonial assembly as a justice of the colonial high court, and as governor of the Colony of Rhode Island from 1755 to 1757. The house is the only significant structure associated with Hopkins&#39; life.</p><br>
<p>George Washington visited the house on April 5, 1776 while traveling through Providence on his way to take command of the Continental Army in Boston. He was entertained by Hopkins&#39; daughter, as Hopkins was in Philadelphia attending the Continental Congress at the time.</p><br>
<p>The house was originally built on the northeast corner of South Main Street (formerly Towne Street) and Hopkins Street (formerly Bank Lane). In 1809, it was moved halfway up the north side of Hopkins Street. It was moved again in 1928 to its present location on the south side of Hopkins Street.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1920s, the house was carefully restored by Norman Isham.</p><br>
<p>The Stephen Vincent Benét House, commonly referred to as Benét House, is a historic house on the Summerville campus of Augusta University in Augusta, Georgia. The house was built 1827–29 as the Commandants House of the Augusta Arsenal, and is a much-altered example of Federal period architecture. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its association with the Pulitzer Prize-winning writer Stephen Vincent Benét , who lived here in the 1910s. The house, which housed the official residence of the Augusta State University for a time, presently houses the Summerville campuss office of admissions.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Benét House is centrally located on the Summerville campus of Augusta University, and is one of a cluster of buildings that formerly made up part of the Augusta Arsenal. It is a two-story brick structure, built on a side hall plan, with a two-story porch wrapping across the front and around one side. The building&#39;s interior includes finishes from all periods of its occupation, and its exterior has also been added to and altered several times.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1827–29, after the federal government decided to move the Augusta Arsenal to this location. The arsenal played a key role in the American Civil War, when it was used by the Confederate Army, and again in the Spanish–American War. In 1911 Colonel J. Walker Benét was appointed its commandant, bringing with him his son Stephen. Stephen Benét lived here until 1915, and it is where he began his writing career, as well as being the only major surviving structure known to be associated with his life. Benét is best known for the 1928 poem John Brown&#39;s Body, for which he was awarded the 1929 Pulitzer Prize, and the class 1937 short story "The Devil and Daniel Webster".</p><br>
<p>The Anglecot, also known as the Potter Residence, is an historic residence in the Chestnut Hill neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.</p><br>
<p>Designed by noted Philadelphia architect Wilson Eyre for Charles Adams Potter (1860-1925), a manufacturer of linoleum, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>It was designed by noted Philadelphia architect Wilson Eyre for linoleum manufacturer Charles Adams Potter (1860-1925).</p><br>
<p>In 1903, Charles Potter and his wife hosted a debutante ball for fifty guests at Anglecot in honor of their daughter, Dorothy Potter. Their home was also the site of several other social events throughout that decade.</p><br>
<p>In 1914, Philadelphia-area newspapers reported that the Potter family and Margaret H. Spencer, the fiancée of their son, Charles A. Potter Jr., were forced to quarantine at the Potter&#39;s home when Spencer was diagnosed with scarlet fever while visiting Anglecot.</p><br>
<p>In April 1935, Herbert F. Diener, Inc. represented the estate of Anglecot&#39;s deceased owner, Charles Potter; Diener was responsible for granting a multi-year lease on the property to Dr. Joseph Van Horn.</p><br>
<p>Anglecot was converted into a sanatorium sometime before 1951, and continued to operate as a healthcare facility during the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, it is a contributing property of the Chestnut Hill Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was then divided into nine condominiums between 1981 and 1983 by Richard Snowden and his grandmother, Virginia C. Wilmsen, who had formed Anglecot Associates to restore the home and place an easement on it to ensure its preservation.</p><br>
<p>Chieftains Museum, also known as the Major Ridge Home, is a two-story white frame house built around a log house of 1819 in Cherokee country . It was the home of the Cherokee leader Major Ridge. He was notable for his role in negotiating and signing the Treaty of New Echota of 1835, which ceded the remainder of Cherokee lands in the Southeast to the United States. He was part of a minority group known as the Treaty Party, who believed that relocation was inevitable and wanted to negotiate the best deal with the United States for their people.</p><br>
<p>The chiefs had agreed they could not go to war against the United States on the removal issue, but most other Cherokee opposed Ridge and the Treaty Party. He and some other members of the Treaty Party were assassinated after most of the tribe was removed to what became the Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory, for having ceded the tribe&#39;s communal lands, as this was considered a capital crime.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Major Ridge&#39;s first house here was small and built of hand-hewn logs, in the dogtrot style. He made later additions to formally enclose the dogtrot and added extensions at each side, creating a white wood-frame two-story house. This was the "Big House" of his busy 223-acre plantation, the property of which extended to the banks of the Oostanaula River, upstream of its confluence with the Etowah River, which forms the Coosa River. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Major Ridge Home was purchased for preservation by the Junior League of Rome. In 1971 it was adapted for use as a historic house museum, known as the "Chieftains Museum". In 2002 the museum was designated by the National Park Service as an official site on the "Cherokee Trail of Tears National Historic Trail," which had been established in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The building was renamed as Chieftains Museum / Major Ridge Home in his honor. The museums exhibits focus on Major Ridge and 19th-century Cherokee life and culture. Ridges plantation had extended to the river, which he used for travel and transport of his cotton to market. An eight-acre area along the river is now part of Riverside Park in Rome, Georgia.</p><br>
<p>College Hill, also known as George Walton House, Harper House, or Walton-Harper House, is a historic house at 2116 Wrightsboro Road in Augusta, Georgia. It was built in 1795, and was the home George Walton, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, from then until his death in 1804. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971. It is a private residence, and is not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Walton House is located on the south side of Wrightsboro Road, about 2 mi west of downtown Augusta. It is set on a secluded 6 acre estate, all that is left of the 100 acre it was originally associated with. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, clapboard siding, and a pair of brick chimneys near the ends. The main facade, seven bays wide, is adorned with a two-story veranda, the sections each consisting of a segmented arch supported by slender square columns. Entrances at each level are located at the center, with flanking sidelight windows and pilasters, and fanlight windows above.</p><br>
<p>In 1787, the state of Georgia granted George Walton 100 acres outside Augusta for his services to the state. Walton had "College Hill" built on this land in 1795, moving there from Meadow Garden. The house has been in the hands of his descendants (named Harper) since then. Walton served the state in a variety of important capacities: trained as a lawyer, he served in the Continental Congress (1776–81) and in the Georgia militia, in whose service he was captured by the British during the 1778 Capture of Savannah. Exchanged and released, he was soon afterward elected Governor of Georgia, an office he held from November 1779 to January 1780. He also served as the state&#39;s Chief Justice, and in a second term as Governor 1789–80. He died at College Hill in 1804.</p><br>
<p>The Centennial National Bank is a historic building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Designed by noted Philadelphia architect Frank Furness and significant in his artistic development, it was built in 1876 as the headquarters of the eponymous bank that would be the fiscal agent of the Centennial Exposition. The building housed a branch of the First Pennsylvania Bank from 1956 until Drexel University purchased it. Drexel renovated it between 2000-2002 and now uses it as an alumni center. The Centennial National Bank, described as "one of the best pieces of architecture in West Philadelphia," was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Centennial National Bank opened for business in January 1876, shortly before its permanent building was constructed the same year. Architect Frank Furness, who had just parted ways with business partner George Hewitt, received the commission due to personal connections with the directors.</p><br>
<p>The bank obtained a monopoly over handling ticket receipts and currency exchanges for the Centennial Exposition, which opened on the Fourth of July to celebrate the 100-year anniversary of American independence, and operated a branch on the fairgrounds. It continued to operate as the only national bank in West Philadelphia for decades, and the building remained in use as a bank branch until it was vacated by the First Pennsylvania Bank between 1965 and 1971.</p><br>
<p>Drexel University purchased the building, using it primarily as office space and later to house university&#39;s alumni center.</p><br>
<h3>Design and construction</h3><br>
<p>The bank was chartered on January 19, 1876, to finance Philadelphias coming-out on the world stage, the Centennial Exposition. The Exposition was the first Worlds Fair held in North America and its opening day, July 4, coincided with the 100-year of American independence. Its first president was Clarence Howard Clark, Sr., a financier and West Philadelphia resident and developer.</p><br>
<p>Clark hired Frank Furness, whom he had met in Unitarian circles, to design the bank&#39;s headquarters building. (Furness likely also knew bank co-founder Samuel Shipley.) He had worked previously on one of his most successful bank designs, the Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company, with his partner George Hewitt. However, the partnership dissolved in the fall of 1875, leaving the firm without a mechanical engineer. The Centennial Bank was the first major project Furness took on afterward.</p><br>
<p>Strategically located at the corner of 32nd and Market streets, a building on the site would terminate the line of sight along the diagonal Lancaster Avenue, which led to the Exhibition grounds in West Fairmount Park. This is reflected in the entrance Furness designed, which cuts the corner to face Lancaster. The site was perfectly positioned to attract fair-goers&#39; business, as Furness anticipated. By April 1876, construction was complete and the building was in operation.</p><br>
<h3>Use as a bank</h3><br>
<p>During the Centennial Exposition, a branch operated on the fairgrounds and handled the collection and accounting of ticket revenues, as well as currency exchange.</p><br>
<p>By 1900, the bank remained the only national bank in West Philadelphia, posted profits of $274,392, and was directed by some of Philadelphia&#39;s "best known and most reputable business men.</p><br>
<p>In 1956, the building came to be occupied by the First Pennsylvania Banking and Trust Company as its "Centennial Branch." First Pennsylvania was still listed as the owner in 1965 but by 1971, the building stood vacant and was controlled by the Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority.</p><br>
<h3>Reuse</h3><br>
<p>The building was acquired by Drexel University around "the time of the Bicentennial," and was reported in 1986 to be "a dingy maze of Drexel University administrative offices" for which Drexel was trying to find renovation funding. The plan was to turn it into a museum. Instead, after a renovation, it was rededicated in 2002 as the "Paul Peck Alumni Center," to house the university&#39;s alumni relations center, meeting spaces, and an art gallery showing pieces from the university art collection.</p><br>
<p>Drexel used the bank in 2012 to host an exhibit of Frank Furness&#39; commercial architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Centennial National Bank&#39;s Venetian Gothic</p><br>
<p>Shortly after construction, the building was described in an architectural magazine:</p><br>
<p>The method for making the "brilliant glass tiles" referred was invented by Furness himself. Glass was painted on the inward side, backed by a layer of gold leaf and then a layer of tin foil to hold the gold in place. This created colorfully reflective glass often used to suggest nature, as in floral ornamentation. In addition to the academy and the Centennial National, Furness used them in his Brazilian Court at the Centennial Exhibition, but not thereafter. Similar attempts at ornamental glass making were being carried on during the mid-1870s by John LaFarge and Louis Tiffany.</p><br>
<h3>Alterations</h3><br>
<p>Its interior was modified in 1893 and again in 1899, when Philadelphia architect Frank Miles Day built a rear addition that followed Furness&#39;s style.</p><br>
<p>In 1956 its single floor was split in two, and the exterior was simplified, as designed by architect Bud Ross.</p><br>
<p>The building was renovated in 2000-02 (under Voith & Mactavish Architects) to make it an alumni center for Drexel University, at a cost of $4 million.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>The bank was included in the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1965, as part of the National Park Services Mission 66 program. The National Register nomination cited the buildings architectural and commercial significance, calling it "a significant work of architecture, one of the major surviving works of Frank Furness, one of the major examples of Victorian architecture in Philadelphia and one of the best pieces of architecture in West Philadelphia."</p><br>
<p>Ednor Gardens-Lakeside is a large community in northeast Baltimore, Maryland. It is bounded by 33rd Street to the south, Hillen Road to the east, Ellerslie Avenue to the west, and Argonne Drive, The Alameda, Loch Raven Boulevard, and Roundhill Road to the north. Ednor Gardens was part of a large planned community that was built out from the 1920s through the 1950s by Edward Gallagher, one of Baltimore&#39;s most prolific homebuilders at the time. It is notable among its neighbors for the quality of the homes and extensive landscaping. Until it was torn down in 2002, Memorial Stadium  was located in Ednor Gardens-Lakeside.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The entire Ednor Gardens-Lakeside community is located on the former estate of General Samuel Smith, who fought in the Revolutionary War. The property was later transferred to the Garrett family, who owned the B&O Railroad and were one of Baltimore&#39;s most powerful families in the 19th century. When Robert Garrett died in 1896, he ceded 1,400 acres of the property to his widow, Mary Garrett. In 1923, Mary Garrett (who had since remarried) sold a 49-acre parcel to Edward Gallagher, a prominent real estate developer, for $146,299. Other transactions occurred until Gallagher controlled much more land. Gallagher named his new development Ednor Gardens, for his two sons, Edward and Norman, by taking the first few letters of their names.</p><br>
<p>Gallagher set out to build rowhouses unlike anything that had been built in Baltimore to date. He was inspired by the stately English-style mansions in nearby Guilford and Roland Park, but wanted to create a more affordable option. The solution was to incorporate the unique styling into a rowhouse. The first homes rose on East 36th Street in 1925. Unlike many other housing developments at the time, there was no streetcar access to Ednor Gardens, so Gallagher built rear-access garages into every house, correctly predicting the coming of the Automobile Age. The unique houses were popular and sold quickly, leading other prominent developers to copy the English style in new projects around the city.</p><br>
<p>Development of Ednor Gardens-Lakeside continued through the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. Newer rowhouses, which were built north and east of the original Ednor Gardens development, were constructed of brick and lacked the decorative qualities of English-style homes nearby. In the early 1930s, Gallagher was sued by another developer, Frank Novak, who had built some detached single family homes in the Lakeside community next to Lake Montebello. Believing that Gallaghers&#39; rowhouses caused his property to depreciate, Novak won the lawsuit and forced Gallagher to build detached homes on land adjacent to Lakeside.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the passage of the Fair Housing Act of 1968, racially restrictive covenants were used in Baltimore to exclude African-Americans and other minority groups. A 1926 advertisement in the Baltimore Sun describes Frank Novak&#39;s Lakeside development as a "carefully restricted suburban home development".</p><br>
<p>Despite changes in surrounding communities during the latter half of the 20th century, Ednor Gardens-Lakeside remained relatively stable.</p><br>
<h2>Memorial Stadium Redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>The first stadium at the site was built in 1922 on Venable Park and was called Baltimore Stadium or Venable Stadium. It hosted a variety of smaller events, most notably college football games. It became the home to the Baltimore Orioles in 1944 when the team&#39;s previous stadium in Abell burned down. In 1950, the stadium was expanded to become Memorial Stadium. At its largest, Memorial Stadium seated 65,000 fans. The Orioles played their last game at the stadium in 1991 before departing for the newly constructed Oriole Park at Camden Yards in downtown Baltimore. The Baltimore Stallions and Baltimore Ravens football teams played at Memorial Stadium between 1994 and 1997. Memorial Stadium was demolished in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The demolition of the stadium and its parking lots left a giant 32-acre hole in the center of the Ednor Gardens-Lakeside community. The City awarded a nonprofit developer, Govans Ecumenical Development Corporation (GEDCO) the responsibility of creating and executing a new master plan for the site. The development, christened Stadium Place has an oval-shaped road around the center of the parcel, with a multipurpose athletic field for baseball, football and lacrosse in the middle. The field was developed the Cal Ripken Sr. Foundation. As of 2013, Maryland&#39;s largest YMCA sits on the southwest corner of the site, and GEDCO has built four large senior apartment buildings on the eastern edge of the site. Future plans call for more senior apartment buildings and a small commercial center on the southeast corner.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>As of the 2010 Census, there are 5,185 people living in Ednor Gardens-Lakeside</p><br>
<p>The community association is named the Ednor Gardens-Lakeside Community Association. The homes range from large single family homes to semi-detached and townhouses in a number of different styles. A majority of homes are owner-occupied.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>According to the 2000 US Census, 5,070 people live in Ednor Gardens-Lakeside with 81.3% African-American and 16% White. The median family income is $54,358 and 94% of the houses are occupied and 84.5% of those are occupied by the home&#39;s owner.</p><br>
<h2>Government Representation</h2><br>
<p>The Jefferson County Courthouse is an historic Classical Revival style courthouse building located in Monticello, Florida. Built in 1909, it was designed by Georgia-born architect Edward Columbus Hosford, who is noted for the courthouses and other buildings that he designed in Florida, Georgia and Texas. The builder was Mutual Construction Company of Louisville, Kentucky, whose bid for the project was $39,412.</p><br>
<p>It was modeled on President Thomas Jefferson’s famous house, Monticello, for which the town is named.</p><br>
<p>The motto, Suum Cuique, Latin for To each his own, which is inscribed over the doors of the courthouse, is jokingly pronounced Sue ‘em quick by some local residents.</p><br>
<p>The building is a contributing property in the Monticello Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1977</p><br>
<p>Red River Valley University was a private liberal arts college located in Wahpeton, North Dakota, and affiliated with the Methodist Church. The university opened in 1893, and operated independently until 1905, when limited funds forced the closure of the Wahpeton campus. The university&#39;s trustees then forged an affiliation agreement with the University of North Dakota , and reopened the school on the UND campus as "Wesley College."</p><br>
<p>The former Red River Valley University building in Wahpeton still survives, and is known as Old Main on the campus of the North Dakota State College of Science. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Old Main building is a three-story red brick building which is H-shaped in plan. It has a five-story square bell tower over the main entry.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Janette Hill Knox (1845-1920), faculty and Vice-President, English Language, French and German</p><br>
<p>The Henry Hooker House is a historic house at 111 High Road in the Kensington section of Berlin, Connecticut. Built about 1769 by Elijah Hooker and subsequently altered, it exhibits the progressive adaptation of early houses by later generations. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Henry Hooker House is located on the east side of High Road, opposite its junction with Simms Road. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with two narrow interior chimneys. It is covered by a gabled roof with broad eaves that have paired Italianate brackets, and a gabled dormer at the center of the front facade. The front entrance is sheltered by a gabled portico. The house was built c. 1769 by Elijah Hooker, and was last substantially modernized in the mid-19th century. These modifications are clearly evident in an architectural analysis, and include the removal of a large central chimney so that a then-fashionable central hall with broad stairway could be built. These modifications were undertaken by Henry Hooker, who owned a successful carriage making business. The house takes its name from a descendant of Elijah, Henry Hooker, who owned the house and died in Kensington in 1873.</p><br>
<p>The Bulloch County Courthouse is a historic courthouse that is located in downtown Statesboro, Georgia. It was built in 1894 to house the county government. On September 18, 1980, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>18th century</h3><br>
<p>Bulloch County was officially established on February 8, 1796. Bryan and Screven counties were the two counties that Bulloch County was created from by an act of the Georgia General Assembly. Bulloch County was named after Archibald Bulloch, who was Georgia&#39;s first provisional governor from 1776 to 1777. In 1796 three men were appointed to be commissioners: Drury Jones, John Mikell and Israel Bird. They were in charge of finding a proper place to build the courthouse and the jail. In May 1797 the first Superior Court was held in Bulloch County at Stephen Mills’ home and continued to be held there until the courthouse was built. The fourth Mondays in April and October were the only two days that the superior court met each year. The inferior court, however, met every first Monday of the month. When Bulloch County first started having court, there were no local lawyers or judges. Bulloch County obtained its first lawyers and judges after the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The justices of the inferior court that were appointed by the legislature in 1796 were Israel Bird, John Rawls, and James Bird. The justices of the peace included John Douglas, John Everett, Robert Scott, William McCall, and Mark Pridgeon.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>Benjamin Richardson, Drury Jones, Joseph Rogers, and John Everett, and Stephen Denmark are the justices of the inferior court that were appointed through 1800. Jarvis Jackson, Hardeman Richardson, and John O’Neil were the ones that succeed them in 1802. The justices would now be compensated for their services in 1802 because of an act that was passed. Bridger Jones was appointed in 1808 as justice. S. Williams and Jonathon Roberts were appointed as justices in 1810.</p><br>
<p>In 1803, in exchange for receiving 200 acre of land to build the courthouse, jail, and other public buildings, the Georgia General Assembly was to name the new county seat "Statesborough". Bulloch County did not have a courthouse until 1806. All of the court proceedings before 1806 were held in private homes or under the Old Walnut Tree. Statesboro did not grown any in the fifty years that it had been developed. It was just considered the place where court took place. On December 5, 1864 the 15th Corps of General William Sherman&#39;s army burned the courthouse. "Statesborough" was officially incorporated by the legislature on December 20, 1866. The name changed from "Statesborough" to "Statesboro."</p><br>
<p>The second courthouse was built shortly after the first courthouse was burned. It was a two-story wood frame structure on Courthouse Square.</p><br>
<p>The Bulloch Grand Jury decided in spring of 1894 to build a new courthouse. The two-story building was sold after the Grand Jury decided to build a new courthouse. By December 1894 the new courthouse was built. The total cost of the courthouse was twenty thousand dollars, which included furnishings.</p><br>
<p>In 1897, the Bulloch County community came together to buy and get a clock installed at the courthouse. It is also thought that the courthouse at one time had an open-flame system at the top of the building that was used in the hopes of raising the warm air out of the building up to the roof. The open flame system is thought to have been used for some years before being dismantled with no record as to its success in helping to cool the building.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>In 1904, the lynching of Paul Reed and Will Cato occurred after the two African American men were removed from the courthouse. The sheriff had released the prisoners to the mob.</p><br>
<p>On April 26, 1909 the Confederate monument was dedicated. The Confederate monument is in memory of the Confederate soldiers who served from 1861 to 1865. The United Daughters of the Confederacy raised the money for the monument that presides on Court House Square.</p><br>
<p>The Bulloch County Courthouse and its square appear in the film 1969. In several scenes, the "B" in Bulloch County is changed on the courthouse to a "C" for the films "Culloch County." The former bank building now housing the Averitt Center for the Arts appeared in "1969" as a bus station. The courthouse square is also prominent in the films ending scene.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse was designed by Bruce and Morgan in 1894. It was renovated in 1914 in the Classical Revival and Queen Anne styles by Edward Columbus Hosford, who is noted for the courthouses and other buildings that he designed in Florida, Georgia and Texas. Columned porticoes and the large corner brick masses were added in 1914. Throughout the years, the courthouse went through many renovations that utilized different colors of brick, which might be why the exterior of the courthouse was coated with white plaster. By the 1990s, the county commission decided to restore the courthouse to its original condition. The restoration began in 1998. Some of the white plaster was professionally removed because the plaster contained asbestos, which posed a health risk. The rest of the white plaster that was not removed was just painted a red brick color. The restoration was completed in 2000. Martin, Rule and Associates, of Statesboro were the architects for this renovation in 1998 to 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is still in use. In the 1990s, the courthouse no longer had enough space for all of the functions that it normally provided; therefore, it expanded into the adjacent buildings around the courthouse. Also in the 1990s, Bulloch County built a judicial annex, which is located across the street from the courthouse. The county officers are now located in the former Statesboro First Federal Savings and Loan Association Building, and the courts and judges’ offices are located in the new annex.</p><br>
<p>The Roanoke Apartments, also known as the Terrace Apartments, is an apartment complex listed on the National Register of Historic Places located at 1402 Maiden Lane in the Raleigh Court neighborhood of the independent city of Roanoke, Virginia, USA Designed by James F. Mactier and constructed by Paul A. Wood, the complex features seven separate buildings, each with brick facades, and is Roanoke&#39;s best example of the streamline moderne style developed in the early 1950s. Today the complex is noted for its ethnic diversity with its residents representing a wide array of religious and ethnic groups.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Completed in 1950, the complex was conceived and constructed to house the families of working class World War II veterans. Upon its completion, this became the largest apartment complex within the city of Roanoke. The overall layout of the complex reflects the principles of the Garden City Movement with the complex being set back from the main streets and the extensive landscaping and use of existing vegetation throughout the complex.</p><br>
<p>The buildings themselves exhibit streamline moderne architectural style in their form and details. These elements include horizontal banding of the brickwork, glass block panels and flat concrete canopies at the entrance areas.</p><br>
<p>Originally providing residence to Roanoke&#39;s working class, today the complex is noted for the diversity of its residents. In 1975, Southeast Asian refugees were housed at the apartments beginning a trend of the facility to serve as residences for refugees displaced to Roanoke. Today the complex is home to both working-class blacks and whites in addition to refugees from Somalia, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Albania, Bosnia, Afghanistan, Cuba, Sudan, Haiti and Iraq.</p><br>
<p>After being placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006, the local non-profit Total Action Against Poverty announced plans to fully renovate and modernize the facility while keeping its historic appearance intact. Costing an estimated $27 million to complete, with nearly $9 million coming from historic and low-income housing tax credits made available from its inclusion in the register, the first refurbished building was complete in September 2007. Upon its completion in 2009, the overall units will be reduced from 250 units to 201 units.</p><br>
<p>López Adobe, located at 1100 Pico Street in San Fernando, California, is one of the two oldest private residences in the San Fernando Valley. Built in 1882 by early settlers of the San Fernando Valley a short distance from the San Fernando Mission, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Grand-Reopening of the property occurred on March 22, 2015, and is now open for public tours once every 4th Sunday of every month from 12-4 P.M.</p><br>
<h2>Gerónimo and Catalina López</h2><br>
<p>Gerónimo López, born in the pueblo de Los Ángeles in 1828, had served as an army messenger in 1847 for Andrés Pico during the Mexican–American War, delivering the Articles of Capitulation to General John C. Fremont, that ended the war in southern Alta California. Catalina López was the only daughter of Pedro López, the second mayordomo of the San Fernando Rey de España Mission, where she was raised; she remained at the mission until 1847 when she moved to Los Ángeles, returning later as the bride of Gerónimo López.</p><br>
<h3>López Station</h3><br>
<p>Gerónimo and Catalina López purchased 40 acre of land near the Mission San Fernando in 1861 and built an adobe home along the Butterfield Overland Mail 1st Division, on the Stockton - Los Angeles Road wagon route that connected Los Angeles and San Francisco. The original adobe became known as López Station.</p><br>
<p>The couple also operated the San Fernando Valley&#39;s first general store, its first English language school, and the first post office (in 1869) at the site.</p><br>
<p>One account of the early days of the San Fernando Valley noted the significance of the López family:</p><br>
<p>In the late 1860s and early 1870s a traveler riding through the high wild mustard fields of the San Fernando Valley would find little evidence of people except for the mission, a few other adobes, cattle grazing in the fields and a stage house built by Gerónimo López and his wife, Catalina.... The López family played an important role in the valley&#39;s development and were responsible for establishing the first post office and the first English-speaking school.</p><br>
<p>The original López Station adobe was destroyed in the 1910s for the construction of the San Fernando Reservoir (later renamed Van Norman Reservoir), part of the then new Los Angeles Aqueduct system.</p><br>
<p>After the 1971 San Fernando earthquake the foundation was again exposed in the reservoir basin. It was later covered by the vehicle track when the Los Angeles Police Department built the Davis Training Center in the late 1990s.</p><br>
<p>Senator Charles Maclay and his partners George K. and Benjamin F. Porter bought the remaining northern half of the Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando from Eulogio de Celis in 1874. Maclay would own the east portion in which the López&#39;s land lied and he would proceed to lay out the new town of San Fernando, adjoining the railroad which arrived in the valley the same year the ex-mission rancho lands were purchased.</p><br>
<h3>López Adobe</h3><br>
<h4>19th century</h4><br>
<p>Between 1882 and 1883, the López family built a larger adobe using 24-by-6-inch, sun-baked blocks. It is considered the City of San Fernando&#39;s oldest standing building.</p><br>
<p>It has been recognized for its blend of Mission Revival and Victorian architectural styles. Catalina López designed the residence&#39;s Victorian features. The first local newspaper, the San Fernando Times, was printed in April 1889 from the López Adobe.</p><br>
<h4>20th century</h4><br>
<p>Catalina López died in 1918, and Gerónimo López died in 1921, at age 90. In 1928, several modifications were made to the house by one of the López daughters, Louisa López McAlonan. The balcony staircase was changed, and some rooms were divided to form apartments. Modern plumbing and electrical fixtures were also added at the time. The original shake shingle roof was also replaced by clay-tile roof.</p><br>
<p>Members of the López family continued living in the adobe until 1961. The last López to live in the adobe was another daughter, Kate López Millen, who lived in an upper apartment from 1931 until shortly before her death in 1961. The property remained in the López family until 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Purchase by the City of San Fernando</h2><br>
<p>The City of San Fernando announced plans to purchase the property from the López family in 1970, but took more than a year to come up with the $70,000 purchase price. Plans to obtain a HUD grant fell through, and in early 1971, the owners imposed a deadline on the purchase, and indicated the building would be razed and the land cleared. When the adobe was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in May 1971, HUD finally agreed to provide a $40,000 historical preservation grant, and the purchase was completed in late 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Funding and operation as a museum</h2><br>
<p>The building was restored between 1974 and 1975 and opened as a historical site in 1975.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, more than 100 descendants of the López family gathered at the adobe to celebrate its 100th anniversary. Gerónimo and Catalina López had thirteen children, nine of whom survived to adulthood.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance and designation as historic site</h2><br>
<p>Though the City of San Fernando is the oldest town in the San Fernando Valley, the López Adobe is all that remains of its early years. The authors of An Architectural Guidebook to Los Angeles observed: "The one remaining shred of the Victorian period is the Gerónimo López Adobe (1878) at the northwest corner of Pico Street and Maclay Avenue. It is two-story Monterey style with some pretty Queen Anne sawed gingerbread across the gallery. Otherwise, all signs of the old town have disappeared, except for the railroad." In the book, Historic Adobes of Los Angeles County, the author also makes note of the woodwork along the balconies: "One of the striking features of the house is that the upper and lower stories have verandas with hand cut wooden railings and a jigsaw pattern balustrade, which is painted in a turquoise blue. This beautiful house is furnished to reflect the period between 1883 and 1910."</p><br>
<p>The J. Paul Getty Trust gave a "Preserve L.A." grant to the adobe in 2002, and described the structure&#39;s importance as follows: "Built in 1882 for Mexican army officer Don Gerónimo López, the López Adobe is an important example of California architecture during the transitional period following the decline of the missions and the extensive development of the Gold Rush era. Over the years, the López Adobe has become a cultural icon for the city, and is one of the few historic structures to survive the earthquakes of 1971 (Sylmar) and 1994 (Northridge)."</p><br>
<p>The López Adobe has been recognized as a significant historical site at both the state and national level.</p><br>
<p>In 1945, the adobe was dedicated as a State Historic Landmark. At the time, the Los Angeles Times reported: "Its architecture is Spanish California adobe, a two-story structure with overhanging balcony and outside stairway. It is the only remaining building of Old San Fernando."</p><br>
<p>In 1968, the building was registered with the State of California Office of Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<p>In 1971, the adobe was listed on the National Register of Historical Places.</p><br>
<h2>Closure following Northridge earthquake</h2><br>
<p>The adobe was damaged in the 1994 Northridge earthquake and was closed for three years while repairs were made. Repairs were delayed when officials from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) disputed the city&#39;s $230,000 estimate of repair costs and seismic upgrades. In April 1996, FEMA and city officials finally agreed on quake-repair funding of approximately $100,000, considerably less than the nearly $200,000 eventually spent on the work. City funds covered the rest of the cost.</p><br>
<h2>Recent years</h2><br>
<p>The adobe reopened in December 1997 with a ceremony that included seasonal songs, Mexican dances, and the lighting of the town Christmas tree.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, Congressman Howard Berman (D-CA) obtained $150,000 in federal funding for the historic preservation of the López Adobe. Berman said at the time: "I pursued this funding, because the López Adobe is a national treasure and deserves federal money to help with its preservation. This historic building is a source of pride for the City of San Fernando and the entire San Fernando Valley. I am pleased to play a role in helping to save it."</p><br>
<p>As of 2004, funding constraints prevented the city from opening the adobe more than one day per month. At that time, the adobe was open on the fourth Sunday of the month from 1 to 4 p.m. Despite years of fund-raising efforts, the city and preservation groups had managed at that time to collect only half of the $750,000 needed to restore the López Adobe. This lack of funding prevented the property from being open for tours to the public from 2007 to 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Grand-Reopening of the property occurred on March 22, 2015, and is now open for public (docent-led) tours once every 4th Sunday of the month from 12-4 P.M.</p><br>
<p>The Worthington Ridge Historic District encompasses the historic town center of Berlin, Connecticut. It runs mostly along Worthington Ridge Road from the intersection of Mill Street  to Sunset Lane. This section of road was historically part of the Boston Post Road laid out in 1673, and is now lined by a diversity of residential architecture and several of the town&#39;s civic buildings. In 1974, the Berlin Historic District was formed in order to preserve the integrity of the architecture of the village. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The area that is now Berlin center was settled in the last quarter of the 17th century, when it was part of Farmington. Settlers farmed the lands between the area&#39;s basalt ridges, and built their houses on the ridges, Kensington ridge to the west and Worthington ridge to the east. The settlers built their first meeting house on the Kensington ridge in 1733, and another on Worthington ridge in 1774. The town of Berlin was incorporated in 1785, and its town meetings rotated between these two areas. The Worthington ridge became more important when the New York and New Haven Turnpike was routed along its road in 1798, leading to an increase in the number of shops, taverns, and other traveler facilities. The road continued to be an important travel route until the 1940s, when the Berlin Turnpike was built, diverting traffic away from the village.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is basically linear, extending along Worthington Ridge from Route 372 to Sunset Lane, including a few properties on Farmington Avenue, Sunset Lane and Hudson Street. The oldest surviving building is a house on Sunset Lane, estimated to date to 1720. The district is architecturally diverse, reflecting its long-standing significance in local civic affairs and as a transport junction. Most of the residences are wood frame structures, with a significant number dating to before 1820. The towns 1774 meeting house still stands at 723 Worthington Ridge, and the 1850 Gothic Revival Congregational Church is at 878 Worthington Ridge. Brandegee Hall, a Gothic structure built in 1884, served from 1906 to 1974 as Berlins town hall.</p><br>
<p>The Leonis Adobe is a historic adobe located in what is now Calabasas, California. One of the oldest surviving private residences in Los Angeles County and one of the oldest surviving buildings in the San Fernando Valley, it was built in 1844 and was occupied by the wealthy rancher Miguel Leonis  until his death. Afterward, the property was the subject of a legal dispute between his common law wife Espiritu Chijulla , heirs, and a daughter born out of wedlock; the dispute lasted more than 15 years in the courts. In 1961, the adobe had fallen victim to vandalism, and its owner applied for a permit to raze the structure and erect a supermarket in its place. Preservationists succeeded in having the adobe declared Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #1 in 1962, saving it from the wrecking ball at the last minute. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The adobe was restored and is operated as a living museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early years</h3><br>
<p>The original portion of the adobe dates to 1844, but little is known about its use before it was acquired by Miguel Leonis. Some reports indicate that the adobe served as a stagecoach stop on the Camino Real between Mission San Buenaventura and Mission San Fernando Rey de España.</p><br>
<h3>Under Miguel Leonis</h3><br>
<p>The adobe was acquired by Miguel Leonis (1824–1889) in the 1850s or 1860s. Leonis was a bearded, 6 ft native of Cambo-les-Bains, a town in the traditional Basque province of Labourd in the French Pyrenees. He controlled much of the west end of the San Fernando Valley and part of Ventura County.</p><br>
<p>The adobe was built in stages and, by the 1870s, Leonis had extensively enlarged and remodeled the dwelling into the Monterey Colonial-style mansion that remains today.</p><br>
<p>Leonis came to Southern California as "an ignorant Basque sheep herder and blossomed into a robber baron holding feudal sway by the aid of a small army of vaqueros." The first land he acquired was the 1,100 acre Rancho El Escorpión, in what is now the West Hills section of Los Angeles. He started as an employee at the ranch and bought half of the ranch from its owner when he became ill. The other half of the ranch was owned by a widowed mission Indian, Espiritu Chujilla. Leonis acquired Espiritu&#39;s land by marrying her, though the marriage was later denied by Leonis.</p><br>
<p>He added to his holdings using the California homestead laws. Wherever his livestock grazed, he built a shack and had one of his 100 employees become a "tenant" to support his claim under the homestead law.</p><br>
<h3>Espiritu Chujilla and the legal battle over Leonis&#39; estate</h3><br>
<p>In 1889, Leonis died from wounds suffered by falling off and being run over by his wagon near Cahuenga, California. The accident was said to have resulted from his unsteady condition after "too free indulgence in sour wine."</p><br>
<p>After his death, his will was read, identifying Espiritu Chujilla as his "faithful housekeeper" and leaving her only $10,000 with the balance of his estate going to his siblings. The Los Angeles Times reported that the entire French population was surprised that he left such a small sum to the woman "who has for nearly thirty years been considered his wife."</p><br>
<p>Espiritu contested the will, and a decade of court battles followed that were covered in detail by the Los Angeles press. At a jury trial in 1891, Espiritu called 40 witnesses who testified that Leonis had publicly acknowledged her as his wife. When Espiritu appeared in court dressed in black with mourning veil attached to a black flat straw hat, the Los Angeles Times described her as "a typical Mexican of the original cast," with "a very dark complexion, small black eyes, nose blunt, mouth large and lips tightly compressed when in repose." When Espiritu took the stand, she testified that she met Leonis at the Escorpion Indian camp in 1859, lived with him for 30 years, and even had a daughter with him who died before adulthood. The grave identifying Leonis as the deceased child&#39;s father was offered as proof of their relationship.</p><br>
<p>When an old friend of Leonis reported that Espiritu had previously lived out of wedlock with two other men, the Times reported in detail on the "Sensational Disclosures." After a five-week trial, the jury took less than a day to return its verdict finding in favor of Espiritu and awarding her one-half of the Leonis estate.</p><br>
<p>However, Espiritus legal troubles continued, as competing claims were made to the lands and swindlers pursued the uneducated Espiritus money. The estate produced a "hopeless jumble" of over 100 lawsuits and was "rich feeding for many law firms." So completely was Espiritu taken advantage of that "it is said that she was at one time reduced to a diet of acorns which she picked up off the ground at her home, her property being so tied up in the courts."</p><br>
<p>When the 65-year-old Espiritu married an 18-year-old man, the Los Angeles Times could not restrain itself, noting that her new husband was "barely out of pinafores" and that the "frisky" old womans "affections appear to have been bubbling at a lively rate, in spite of her well-worn widows weeds." Litigation over the estate continued until 1905, and Espiritu continued living at the adobe until her death in 1906.</p><br>
<h3>1910s to 1940s</h3><br>
<p>When Espiritu died, her son (by her first marriage), Juan Menendez, moved into the adobe with his family. Menendez built the barn that stands at the back of the adobe. Menendez was a blacksmith who also made wine and built the tank house at the adobe to store it.</p><br>
<p>Menendez sold the property in 1922 to the Agoure family, for whom the community of Agoura was named. The Agoures remodeled the house in 1920, adding bathrooms and expanding the living room. The Agoures lost the property to foreclosure in 1931, and the adobe was reportedly used as a chicken dinner restaurant and later as a retirement home. In 1962, the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner reported that the last person to reside in the house was motion picture actor John Carradine, who had reportedly moved out of the refurbished adobe several years earlier.</p><br>
<h3>Campaign to preserve the adobe</h3><br>
<p>Around 1950, the site of the Leonis Adobe, then including 100 acre, was purchased by the Hidden Hills Corp., the principal sponsor of the Hidden Hills country community. Hidden Hills Corp. subdivided the surrounding 100 acre into sites for ranch style homes ranging from 1.5 acre to 10 acre. At the time, A.E. Hanson, president of Hidden Hills Corp., announced plans to restore the adobe.</p><br>
<p>However, by early 1961, Milton Katz of the Woodland Hills Building and Finance Co. had acquired the adobe and sought to rezone the property to commercial use and to build a shopping center where the adobe sat. Opponents submitted petitions to the City Planning Commission and sought to establish protected landmark status for the property.</p><br>
<p>While plans to demolish the adobe were pending, it was victimized by vandalism. Windows were smashed, walls and fixtures shattered, floors ripped, handrails on the stairs broken, and doors torn off. The Leonis Adobe Association appealed to the owner to take steps to safeguard the adobe and offered to fence the site at its own expense. Owner Milton Katz declined the offer of fencing and said there was "no need to safeguard the two-story building from vandals because he plans to tear it down as soon as his plans for a supermarket on the site are completed." Though the property had been appraised at $135,000, Katz reportedly wanted $100,000 more than that to sell.</p><br>
<p>In August 1962, Katzs application to demolish the adobe was denied, and the newly formed City of Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Board designated the adobe as the citys first Historic-Cultural Monument. The debate over preservation of the Leonis Adobe led to a broader discussion about preserving the San Fernando Valley&#39;s history, with some opining that "the San Fernando Valley has no historical buildings or landmarks worth preserving."</p><br>
<p>As efforts proved unsuccessful to find funding to pay the $240,000 demanded by the adobe&#39;s owner, Kay Beachy announced in March 1963 that she had paid the requested $240,000 to Milton Katz for the property. Mrs. Beachy agreed to hold the property until the Leonis Adobe Association could buy it from her, and Mayor Sam Yorty presented her with an award for her efforts in saving the adobe.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>The Leonis Adobe Association finally collected the funds to purchase the property in 1965. Extensive research was done to restore the adobe to its condition when Miguel Leonis lived there. After the restoration was completed, the adobe was opened to the public in 1966.</p><br>
<h2>Ghost stories</h2><br>
<p>According to legend, the Leonis Adobe is haunted, and was featured in the British paranormal television series Most Haunted in 2005. The first accounts of Leonis ghost appearing at the adobe came in the 1920s when the first people outside the Leonis family moved into the adobe and began to remodel. According to Leonis biographer Laura B. Gaye (1905–1981), the new residents heard footsteps on the stairs followed by two loud thuds from the upstairs bedroom resembling the sound of boots dropping to the floor. When the residents went upstairs to investigate, the room was filled with a strong soap aroma, a smell associated with Leonis who always appeared impeccably clean and smelled of soap. The noises continued, and the new owners learned to live with what they concluded was the prior owner&#39;s ghost.</p><br>
<p>According to legend, in the 1930s, a woman who lived there was leaning against a railing that cracked and was pulled back by a ghost, saving her from serious injury. Other stories include a guest at the adobe reportedly seeing an image in the upstairs hallway that spoke in a female voice, "Chichita, Chichita" and thought to refer to the name by which Espiritu&#39;s granddaughter reported that her grandmother called her.</p><br>
<h2>Designation as historic site</h2><br>
<p>Leonis Adobe is one of only four adobe residences remaining in the San Fernando Valley. It has been listed as a historic building at the city and national level as follows:</p><br>
<p>When the Los Angeles Cultural-Historical Board was formed in 1962, Leonis Adobe was the first site designated as a Historic-Cultural Monument. By 2007, there were nearly 900 numbered sites that had received the designation, but Leonis Adobe has the prestige of having been designated as Historic-Cultural Monument #1.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the adobe was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Leonis Adobe Museum</h2><br>
<h3>Living History Museum</h3><br>
<p>The Leonis Adobe in recent years has operated as a living history museum to the California ranch style of life. The museum is a popular location for school field trips in which students step back in time to the 1880s by touring the property and participating in recreations of 1880s lifeways. Students are able to pet, feed, and observe ranch animals under supervision of museum tour guides.</p><br>
<h3>PBS&#39; Visiting... With Huell Howser</h3><br>
<p>In January 2010 Huell Howser spotlighted the Leonis Adobe on his show Visiting... for PBS (a spin-off of his California Gold series). The program featured the grounds, the adobe, the staff, and interviews with several characters at the museum.</p><br>
<h3>Plummer House</h3><br>
<p>In 1983, the Plummer House was moved to the grounds of the Leonis Adobe Museum. The Plummer House was built in 1874 in Plummer Park, West Hollywood by Eugene Raphael Plummer. It was known as the "Oldest House in Hollywood" and was designated as a California Historic Landmark #160 in 1935.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Elizur Hale House is a historic house at 3181 Hebron Avenue in Glastonbury, Connecticut. Built about 1780, it is a prominent local example of well-preserved late Georgian domestic architecture. It is also notable for its association with the locally prominent Hale family, who occupied it for 100 years. The house was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Dr. Elizur Hale House is located in eastern Glastonbury, on the north side of Hebron Avenue (Connecticut Route 94), between Hill Street and Ridge Road. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a side-gable roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance simply framed and topped by an eight-light transom window. The interior follows a typical center-chimney plan, with a narrow vestibule containing a winding staircase, and parlor spaces to either side. The original kitchen extends behind the chimney, with small rooms at the rear corners. A 19th-century ell extends to the rear, housing modern amenities.</p><br>
<h2>Elizur Hale</h2><br>
<p>ELizur Hale was the son of Captain Jonathan Hale and Sarah (Talcott) Hale. He graduated from Yale in 1742. "...having studied medicine, settled in his native town to practice. He died May 27, 1790, after having assiduously performed the duties of his calling forth-four years." He was also involved in the town politically, representing Glastonbury in the general assembly. "He is said to have been dignified though rough exterior, witty and sarcastic, but benevolent and very useful. Family tradition represents him as abundant in kind deeds, and generous in the use of his property as well as in counsel to the needy." He was married to Abigail Hollister on March 23, 1790. Together, they had five sons. His son Elizur was also a doctor in Glastonbury. He died December 6, 1796.</p><br>
<p>Rómulo Pico Adobe, also known as Ranchito Rómulo and Andrés Pico Adobe, was built in 1834 and is the oldest residence in the San Fernando Valley, making it the second oldest residence in Los Angeles. Built and owned by the Pico family of California, a prominent Californio family, the adobe is located in the Mission Hills section of the city and is a short distance from the San Fernando Mission . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Located on Sepulveda Boulevard in Mission Hills, the original part of the Romulo Pico Adobe was built in 1834 by Tongva-Fernandeño, Tataviam-Fernandeño, and Chumash-Ventuaño Native Americans (Indians) from the San Fernando Mission. The original purpose of the structure is unknown, though the adobe was located in the center of the Mission&#39;s orchards and surrounding vineyards.</p><br>
<p>Before 1846, the original adobe consisted of what is now the living room. In 1845, Juan Manso and Andrés Pico had been granted a nine-year lease by the latters brother Governor Pío Pico for the Mission San Fernando Rey de España lands. In 1846 the Pío Pico government sold Eulogio de Celis the secularized Mission lands, nearly the entire San Fernando Valley, as the Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando, which included the Pico Adobe. The dining room and library were added during the time of de Celis ownership.</p><br>
<p>De Celis vacated the property in 1853 and sold Andrés Pico an undivided half interest in the Rancho, which included the southern half of the Valley, the San Fernando Mission compound, and the adobe. It is unknown if the adobe was used for any purpose for the next 20 years. In debt, Andrés Pico sold his southern half-interest in the Rancho ex-Mission San Fernando to his brother Pío Pico in 1862. In 1873, Rómulo Pico and his father Andres Pico found the house, on the northern half of the divided Rancho, to be in a dilapidated state as a result of abandonment. Rómulo is credited for restoring the adobe and adding a kitchen and two side wings. He also placed wooden flooring over the original tile floor. A second story was added in approximately 1873. Rómulo lived there with his wife Catarina Pico and family.</p><br>
<p>Pio Pico sold his southern half of the San Fernando Valley to Isaac Lankershim in 1869. In 1874, the heirs of Eulogio de Celis sold their northern half of Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando lands to northern Californians: California State Senator Charles Maclay and his partners George K. Porter, a San Francisco shoe manufacturer, and his brother Benjamin F. Porter. The sale did not include the Mission ruins and immediate surroundings.</p><br>
<p>Rómulo and Catarina Pico continued to live at "Ranchito Rómulo" (Rómulos Little Ranch) for many years before moving to Los Angeles. They kept the adobe until the late 1890s, using it for overnight stays during return visits to the valley. In the following years they rented or sold the adobe several times, and it was eventually abandoned. The vacant structure deteriorated and was subjected to vandalism during the first two decades of the 20th century. Thieves and scavengers picked apart the adobe. Some invaders dug up the floors and knocked down walls in search of fabled buried gold and treasure.&#39;</p><br>
<h2>Deterioration and restoration</h2><br>
<p>In 1930, Mark Raymond Harrington, curator of the Southwest Museum, purchased the abandoned property from the heirs of the Lopez family. He restored the adobe after acquiring it. He later wrote:</p><br>
<h2>Current use as a living museum</h2><br>
<p>In 1965, the City of Los Angeles purchased the property. The adobe was damaged in 1971 during the Sylmar earthquake. The city removed the chimney, and a section of the office wall which separated had to be repaired. The exterior and grounds are administered by the city Department of Recreation and Parks.</p><br>
<p>The adobe itself is managed by the San Fernando Valley Historical Society. It restored the interior and operates a "living museum" at the adobe. The adobe is also used for the Historical Society&#39;s monthly meetings, weddings, receptions, breakfasts, dinners, and picnics. Two special affairs are "Rancho Days", depicting early California living, held on the third Sunday of September; and Las Posadas, the enactment of the Mexican Christmas procession on the Saturday before Christmas.</p><br>
<p>Also in the city park is the Lankershim Reading Room, a small octagonal building that is the only remaining structure of the Lankershim Ranch. The ranch territory once took in a large part of the southern San Fernando Valley. The reading room was moved to the park in 2001, and was restored to a working condition in 2009–2010.</p><br>
<h2>Designation as historic site</h2><br>
<p>The Pico Adobe has been listed as a historic building at the city, state, and national level as follows:</p><br>
<p>In 1939, the adobe was registered as California Historical Landmark #362.</p><br>
<p>In 1962, the City of Los Angeles included the Pico Adobe and the Leonis Adobe in its first group of Cultural-Historic Monuments. As of 2007, there were over 850 such monuments, and the Pico Adobe is designated as Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #7.</p><br>
<p>In 1966, the adobe was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, the Lankershim Reading Room was also designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument.</p><br>
<p>The Mason County Courthouse is an historic courthouse building located in Mason, Texas. Built in 1909 to 1910 at a cost of $39,786, it was designed by Georgia-born American architect Edward Columbus Hosford, who is noted for the courthouses and other buildings that he designed in Florida, Georgia and Texas. Mutual Construction Company of Louisville, Kentucky built it of Fredericksburg granite and rusticated stone. There are gable front porticoes on all four sides, each or which is supported by four 2-story Doric columns.</p><br>
<p>The building is a contributing property in the Mason Historic District which</p><br>
<p>was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 17, 1974.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was razed by an arsonist&#39;s fire on the evening of February 4, 2021. The stone exterior was all that remained following the fire. At the time of the fire, the county records had been temporarily relocated to another location to facilitate future renovations to the building, restored mostly to its original glory. The courthouse reopened in 2024 after extensive renovations.</p><br>
<p>Kingsland Homestead is an 18th-century house located in Flushing, Queens, New York City. It is the home of the remains of The Weeping Beech, a landmark weeping beech tree, believed to have been planted in 1847. The homestead is also close to the 17th-century Bowne House, the location of the first Quaker meeting place in New Amsterdam. The homestead is operated by the Queens Historical Society, whose quarters are inside; the homestead is open to the public as a museum. The Kingsland Homestead is a member of the Historic House Trust, and is both a New York City designated landmark and a National Register of Historic Places listing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Kingsland was built by Charles Doughty in approximately 1785 and the name "Kingsland" is believed to derive from Doughtys son-in-law, British sea captain Joseph King, who bought the home in 1801. Due to encroaching development from the proposed extension of the New York City Subways Flushing Line in 1923, it was moved to the site of a stable, also built by King. The house was threatened again in 1965, by the construction of the Murray Hill Shopping Center, but the community was able to save the house and in that same year it was one of the first buildings in the city to be declared a landmark by the Landmarks Preservation Commission.</p><br>
<p>When further construction threatened the house in 1968, the then three-year-old Kingsland Preservation Committee (now the Queens Historical Society) arranged for the transfer of the house to its present location. In October 1996 a $330,000 renovation that completely restored the house and included the addition of track lighting and a sprinkler system to protect the house was completed. Further structural work was required in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Exhibits</h2><br>
<p>The Homestead has been interpreted to the Victorian era, although it has included a wide range of exhibits since its dedication as a museum. A World War II exhibit focused on events in Queens during the war, including newspaper clippings and advertisements.</p><br>
<h2>Weeping Beech</h2><br>
<p>Within the main park that houses the Homestead is the 2 acre Weeping Beech Park, once dominated by a 60 ft weeping beech tree. The beech tree, designated as a city landmark in 1966, was one of only two living landmarks in New York City. It is believed to have originated in Belgium, transported to the USA by horticulturalist Samuel Parsons, and is also believed to be the source of all weeping beeches in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The tree survived for 151 years before succumbing in 1997. save for a ten-foot section that would remain in the park as a memorial,</p><br>
<p>The Glasscock County Courthouse is an historic courthouse building located in Garden City, Glasscock County, Texas. Built in 1909 to 1910 at a cost of $28,000, it was designed by Georgia-born American architect Edward Columbus Hosford, who is noted for the courthouses and other buildings that he designed in Florida, Georgia and Texas. It was built of granite and rusticated stone with gable front porticoes on all sides, each of which is supported by four 2-story Doric columns. Unlike the Mason County Courthouse also designed by Hosford and built at the same time for $39,786, the Glasscock County Courthouse has no clock tower cupola in the center of its roof and its side porticoes are smaller than the other two.</p><br>
<p>The prior courthouse, a small 2-story stone building, still stands on the property. It was used as a jail after the present courthouse was built but is now closed.</p><br>
<p>The Columbus Historic Riverfront Industrial District encompasses one of the most significant assemblages of 19th-century waterpowered mill technology in the American South. A National Historic Landmark District, it includes five historic industrial complexes with elements surviving as far back as the 1830s, located in four separate areas along the eastern bank of the Chattahoochee River in Columbus, Georgia. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city of Columbus is located at the fall line of the Chattahoochee River, a place where the river drops 125 ft in a stretch of 2.5 mi. This location was recognized early in the American Industrial Revolution as a prime location for waterpowered factories, and the river was first dammed in 1828 (by a predecessor to the now-breached City Mills Dam), beginning what became one of the Souths largest 19th-century industrial complexes. Embedded in five major industrial sites are the remains of industrial components used in the transfer of water power, and for the early generation and transfer of electrical power. Included in these are the Eagle and Phenix Mills, once the Souths largest textile operation. Columbus was a powerhouse of manufacturing for the Confederacy during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<h2>Bibb Mill</h2><br>
<p>The main building of the Bibb Mill complex is a long five-story brick building, set on a bluff overlooking the river. Although it is an early 20th-century building, one of the smaller buildings in the complex includes remnants of a pulley and rope drive system. This system was used until 1954, when its main drive shaft broke.</p><br>
<h2>City Mills</h2><br>
<p>The City Mills complex was built as a grist mill. The oldest building dates to 1869, and was built by Horace King, a well-known regional African-American contractor. The original 1828 dam was replaced in 1908, and the main building was adapted for electrical power generation and distribution. It houses power generators installed in 1919, some of which operated into the 1960s.</p><br>
<h2>Muscogee Mills</h2><br>
<p>The Muscogee Mills include the broadest diversity of architecture of the surviving complexes, including both ornate 19th-century industrial architecture, and utilitarian 20th-century buildings, as well as the city&#39;s original Carnegie library. Traces of the original 1844 millrace are also still evident.</p><br>
<h2>Eagle and Phenix Mills</h2><br>
<p>The Eagle and Phenix Mills complex consists of three main mills, oriented perpendicular to the river, all which have origins in 19th-century construction, but have generally been altered or extended. This mill&#39;s original raceway and dam (now breached) also survive to some degree.</p><br>
<h2>Columbus Ironworks</h2><br>
<p>This complex&#39;s oldest buildings date to the early 20th century, its older buildings destroyed by fire in 1902. The complex includes several generations of early electrical equipment, including a DC generator and three AC generators. A portion of the property has been converted into a convention and event center.</p><br>
<p>Georgias Old Governors Mansion is a historic house museum located on the campus of Georgia College & State University  at 120 South Clarke Street in Milledgeville, Georgia. Built in 1839, it is one of the finest examples of Greek Revival architecture in the American South, and was designated a National Historic Landmark for its architecture in 1973. It served as Georgias executive mansion from 1839- 1868, and has from 1889 been a university property, serving for a time as its official presidents residence. It is an accredited museum of the American Alliance of Museums and in 2015 was named an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Georgias Old Governors Mansion is located in central Milledgeville, just south of the central campus of Georgia College at the corner of Clarke and Greene Streets. It is set on a manicured parcel, its street-facing sides lined by a brick retaining wall topped by a low white fence. The main house is rectangular, two stories in height, built of stuccoed brick with a hip roof capped by a small circular cupola. The main facade faces west toward Clarke Street, and has a four-columned Greek temple portico projecting at its center. The portico is supported by smooth Ionic brick columns with granite bases and capitals, and it supports an entablature and fully pedimented gable. The entablature is continued around the sides of the building, with pilastered corners. Windows have simple stone sills, and arched stone lintels.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was built in 1839 to a design by Charles B. Cluskey, and is considered to be one of his finest works. It was the first of Georgias three official mansions and one unofficial mansion, located in two different cities. It was home to eight governors and their families from 1839 – 1868. Governor Joseph E Brown led Georgia through the Civil War while living in the Mansion. During the Civil War, the Mansion was claimed as a "prize" during General Shermans "March to the Sea" and Sherman made the Mansion his headquarters, spending the night of November 23, 1864 in the Mansions family dining room.</p><br>
<p>Following the loss of the capital, The Mansion was used as a boarding house until from 1868 - 1879, when the state loaned it to the newly organized Georgia Military and Agricultural College, and then to Georgia Normal and Industrial College, now Georgia College. The mansion served as the latter school&#39;s first dormitory, with the presidential apartment on the second floor. The school began offering tours of the ground floor in 1967.</p><br>
<p>In the early 2000s the college had the building restored to its c. 1851 appearance during a $9.5 million restoration, and opened it as a historic house museum devoted to the history of the building and its many occupants. Today, the Mansion is open to the public for tours that focus on the history of the building, its occupants both free and enslaved, and the myriad complexities of Antebellum society in Georgia and its history. Georgias Old Governors Mansions mission statement is "to care for, collect, interpret and exhibit items (including artifacts, structures, and gardens) that illustrate the history of the site and its inhabitants during the years the Mansion was the official residence of Georgias governors (1839–1868)."</p><br>
<p>Georgias Old Governors Mansion is open to the public Tuesdays–Saturdays 10am to 4pm and Sundays 2pm to 4pm with tours on the top of every hour and the last tour of the day at 4pm.</p><br>
<p>African Cemetery No. 2, also known as The Cemetery of the Union Benevolent Society No. 2, is a historic burial site located in Lexington, Kentucky, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Founding and history</h2><br>
<p>The first burials occurred on the property as early as the 1820s. The Colored Peoples Union Benevolent Society No. 2 purchased the property for use as a cemetery in 1869. The last burials in the cemetery took place in 1974.</p><br>
<p>In 1889, 300 bodies were moved from the Presbyterian Cemetery on Limestone Street to African Cemetery No. 2 under the supervision of C. O. H. Thomas.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, Lexington city government took control of the cemetery. In 1979, the African Cemetery No. 2, Incorporated was organized to save the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>In June 2003, a Kentucky Historical Highway Marker was placed on the site. The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 31, 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Burials</h2><br>
<p>The 7.7 acre (3.1 ha) cemetery contains over 5,000 graves, of which 1,200 are identified with less than 600 being recognized with markers.</p><br>
<p>Military veterans graves total 148, with 112 being USA Colored Troops of the American Civil War. About 80 of those veterans trained at nearby Camp Nelson, a Union supply depot and recruitment site. Of Kentucky&#39;s almost 24,000 USA Colored Troops, 10,000 trained at Camp Nelson. In addition to Kentucky, states represented among civil war veterans are New York, Massachusetts, Arkansas, and Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>Since 2005, Juneteenth Jubilee has been celebrated annually honoring Civil War veterans. An American flag is placed on each grave and every name is read aloud.</p><br>
<p>Veterans are also interred from the Buffalo Soldiers/Spanish-American War, 12; World War I, 18; and World War II, 4.</p><br>
<p>Clarence Espy was one of the soldiers who served with the 369th Infantry, the regiment which became known as the "Harlem Hell Fighters". Espy, a native of Lexington, was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France&#39;s highest military honor.</p><br>
<p>R. C. O. Benjamin, a journalist and an attorney, was murdered on October 2, 1900, during an altercation involving voting rights for African Americans. In 1910, a monument was dedicated at his grave site.</p><br>
<p>Over 150 graves are of those who worked in the equine occupations-trainers, jockeys, foremen, stablehands, and grooms. The range of birthdates, 1842 to 1897, and the dates of death, 1890 to 1932, indicate the prominence of African-Americans in a thriving horse and racing industry. Birthdates before 1866, show the likelihood that eight people were born enslaved.</p><br>
<p>Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame jockey, Isaac Burns Murphy, born 1861, was originally buried in African Cemetery No. 2. Murphy, the first jockey to win three Kentucky Derbys, died February 12, 1896, of pneumonia. In 1967, his remains were moved to the Man o&#39; War gravesite off Russell Cave Road, and were moved again in 1987 to the Kentucky Horse Park.</p><br>
<p>The International Museum of the Horse, located at the Kentucky Horse Park, is collaborating with cemetery volunteers in creation of the Chronicle of African-Americans in the Horse Industry. This interactive educational website tells story of African-Americans and the role they played, and still play, in the horse industry. The museum also has a permanent exhibit, Black Horsemen of the Kentucky Turf, to celebrate the forgotten contributions of African Americans to the horse industry in Kentucky. Some of those featured in the exhibit are interred at the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>A documentary created by the cemetery&#39;s volunteer organization in conjunction with the Lexington Public Library is available at this link.</p><br>
<p>A cemetery map which notes individuals and sections is available here.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>On April 4, 2002, volunteers from Canine Solutions International searched, mapped, and studied the physical grounds of the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The approach to preserving the cemetery grave stones was the subject of a paper by M. Riegerta and A. Turkington. The paper published in Building and Environment discusses the "scientific knowledge of decay processes with conservation theory and the needs of stakeholders".</p><br>
<p>The Old State House on College Hill in Providence, Rhode Island, also known as Providence Sixth District Court House, Providence Colony House, Providence County House, and Rhode Island State House is located on 150 Benefit Street, with the front facade facing North Main Street. It is a brick Georgian-style building largely completed in 1762. It was used as the meeting place for the colonial and state legislatures for 149 years.</p><br>
<p>On May 4, 1776, meeting in the building, the General Assembly declared its independence, renouncing its allegiance to the British crown, and the date is now celebrated as Rhode Island Independence Day. Debates about slavery occurred in the building in the late 18th century. George Washington visited the building in 1781 and 1790. Other visitors to the building in the 18th and 19th centuries included Frederick Douglass and Susan B. Anthony.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>From colonial times to the mid-19th century, the Rhode Island General Assembly rotated meetings between the state&#39;s five county court houses; five of these former Rhode Island state houses survive today. In 1730, a statehouse known as the Providence Colony House or County House was built on Meeting Street on the site now occupied by the Brick Schoolhouse. The wooden building burned down in December 1758.</p><br>
<p>In 1760 The General Assembly constructed the current building as the new Providence Colony House, on a site which overlooked The Parade, the location of ceremonial processions. The new building, which was smaller than the building is now, was based on the Colony House in Newport, Rhode Island, which was the first Colony House built, and served as a model for others.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed of Flemish bond brick with rusticated brownstone quoins and wooden trim. It was largely finished by 1762 with some details being completed as late as 1771. Many of the Georgian details were borrowed from the larger and more ornate Newport Colony House. The building&#39;s interior, specifically, resembled the Newport building, following the traditional layout of English town halls. Prior to 19th century alterations to the Providence State House, the two buildings greatly resembled one another</p><br>
<p>After 1853 the state legislature ceased meeting at Kent, Washington and Bristol county courthouses, but continued to alternate its sessions between the Colony Houses in Providence and Newport into the early 20th century.</p><br>
<h3>19th and 20th century</h3><br>
<p>The building was extensively renovated and dramatically altered several times in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>In 1840, the building was remodeled by Rhode Island architect, Russell Warren. This renovation involved the replacement of original windows with sash windows and the rearragement of portions of the interior.</p><br>
<p>It was again altered in 1850, when Thomas A. Tefft of Tallman & Bucklin added the large tower facing Main Street, and a reorganization of nearly the entire interior. In 1867 James C. Bucklin designed an addition on Benefit Street that nearly doubled the size of the building. Both of these additions were sympathetic to the building&#39;s original design. The building was refurbished in 1877–1883, to designs by Stone & Carpenter.</p><br>
<p>The building served as the legislature&#39;s meeting place until 1901, when the new Rhode Island State House began being occupied. The building was completely finished in 1904, and it was decided to use the old building as a courthouse. Major internal alterations by Banning & Thornton were completed in 1906, and the building re-opened as the Sixth District Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>By 1901 the new Rhode Island State House was occupied on Smith Hill and the legislature vacated the Old State House, although it remained in use as a Court House until 1975.</p><br>
<p>In 1970 the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places; the following year the building was listed a contributing structure to the College Hill Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Since 1975, the building has been home to the Rhode Island Historical Preservation Commission, which oversees it maintenance and renovation. In 2020, the building underwent a renovation and restoration effort.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>An open space hall for public meeting was located on the main floor and later became a courtroom.</p><br>
<p>On the second floor was the House of Representatives and Senate chambers. Additional space was create for the governors and secretary of states offices. Today, the former Council Chamber is the only room to retain its original furnishings. As a result of the various expansions and renovations, the only room in the building which is largely original is the office of the secretary of state on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Donehoo-Brannen House  is a historic house located at 332 Savannah Avenue in Statesboro, Georgia.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Classical Revival style house was completed in 1917 and was designed by the Georgia-born American architect Edward Columbus Hosford, who is noted for the courthouses and other buildings that he designed in Florida, Georgia and Texas. He designed the 1914 renovations to the historic Bulloch County Courthouse in Statesboro.</p><br>
<p>On July 7, 1995, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is also part of the Savannah Avenue Historic District (NRHP #96001339).</p><br>
<p>The Taylor-Grady House, also known as the Henry W. Grady House, is a historic house museum and National Historic Landmark at 634 Prince Avenue in Athens, Georgia, United States. Built in the 1840s, this Greek Revival house is notable as the only known surviving home of Henry W. Grady , managing editor of the Atlanta Constitution and a leading force in the reintegration of the American South in the Reconstruction Era that followed the American Civil War. The house is operated by the Junior League of Athens, which offers tours and rentals for private events.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Taylor-Grady House is located in central Athens, at the northwest corner of Prince and Grady Avenues, set on a generously sized landscaped lot. It is a rectangular two-story wood-frame structure, with a hip roof that is obscured by a parapet-like entablature that wraps around three sides. The roof extends beyond the main bulk of the house on those three sides to form a gallery, which is supported by thirteen massive fluted Doric columns. The building interior follows a center-hall plan, and retains a significant amount of interior finishes, including woodwork, plaster, and fireplace mantels.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in the mid-1840s for General Robert Taylor, an Irish immigrant, plantation owner, and leader of the state militia. In 1863 the house was purchased by William S. Grady, who lived here with his family until 1872. Grady&#39;s son Henry was at that time a child, but harbored fond memories of the house. Grady achieved national prominence as the managing editor of the Atlanta Constitution, which became a major regional newspaper during his tenure. In 1886, he gave a widely reprinted speech urging harmonious relations between northern and southern states, and encouraging northern investment to industrialize the South. Grady is sometimes credited with promoting the phrase "New South" as a way to express these notions about the South.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased by the City of Athens in 1966, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. The Junior League of Athens maintains the house, which is open for rental for special occasions and for tours.</p><br>
<p>Hickory Hill is a historic house museum at 502 Hickory Hill Drive in Thomson, Georgia. A National Historic Landmark, it was a home of Georgia Populist Party co-founder Thomas E. Watson . The main house was added to the National Register of Historic Places  in 1976  and the whole site was added to the NRHP in 1979 .</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Hickory Hill is located on a wooded 70 acre parcel of land, bounded on the north by Magnolia Drive, the east by North Lee Street, the south by Hickory Hill Drive, and the west by the Thomson city line. The centerpiece of the estate is a handsome two story wood-frame house, with a side gable roof and weatherboard siding. A large Neoclassical Revival dentillated and pedimented portico projects from its front, supported by four two-story Ionic columns.</p><br>
<p>The core of the house is an Italianate structure, built about 1864 by Captain John Wilson. It was purchased in 1900 by Thomas E. Watson, a Thomson native who was then already a significant force in Georgia politics. Watson spent several years altering and modernizing the house, transforming it into a Neoclassical Revival masterpiece, and introducing all of the latest modern amenities, including running water, central heat, and electric lighting, the first place in the city with that feature. The house remained his home until his death in 1922. In 1954 it passed to his grandson, Walter Brown, and is now owned by the nonprofit Watson-Brown Foundation.</p><br>
<p>Hickory Hill is one of three houses associated with Thomas E. Watson in Thomson, all three of which are now owned by the same foundation and operated as museum properties. His birthplace, a crude log cabin, was moved from the plantation on which he was born to its present location at Tom Watson Way and Bethany Drive and restored. His home before Hickory Hill is adjacent to the cabin, at 310 Tom Watson Way. The foundation also operates other historic house museums in Georgia including T. R. R. Cobb House in Athens and the May Patterson Goodrum House in Atlanta.</p><br>
<p>The Granger House and The Perch are a pair of historic homes in central Austin, Texas. The "Granger House" was built by local architect  Charles Granger in 1952, preceded by a smaller residence known as "The Perch" in 1945. Both buildings feature a distinctive boxy Mid-Century modern style, unique in the local neighborhood, that is today almost unaltered from their original appearance.</p><br>
<p>Granger was notable for starting the Fehr and Granger architectural firm, which produced many notable Austin buildings after World War II, including the award-winning Robert Mueller Municipal Airport.</p><br>
<p>Present owners Jeff Harper and Mark Seeger have undertaken a renovation of the buildings intent on preserving the mid-century style.</p><br>
<p>The homes are located at 805 West 16th Street. They were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Equitable Building is a high-rise located in Des Moines, Iowa. It is named after the insurance company Equitable of Iowa, which originally owned the building, and is located along Locust Street in the downtown area of the city. The 19-story Equitable Building, at 604 Locust St. in Des Moines, was completed in 1924, and standing at 318 ft , for 49 years was the tallest building in Iowa. It remained the tallest building in Iowa until the completion of Financial Center in 1973. The Equitable Building is now the eighth tallest building in Iowa.</p><br>
<p>The building consists of retail, office and residential spaces. Since early 2006 a developer has been working to convert much of the building to condominiums. In late 2007 the main retail tenant, Joseph&#39;s Jewelry, announced that it would relocate from the Equitable Building after 83 years to Davis Brown Tower, located at 10th St and Walnut. The move was completed in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Iowa Attorney General&#39;s lawsuit vs. Equitable L.P.:</p><br>
<p>The Iowa Attorney Generals Office filed a lawsuit May 5, 2009 alleging numerous asbestos violations from 2005 to 2008. The Attorney Generals lawsuit alleged that Equitable L.P., while renovating the top 13 floors of the Equitable Building from 2005 to 2008, failed to inspect for asbestos, failed to provide notice to the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, failed to remove asbestos-containing material before renovation, failed to properly handle the asbestos-containing material disturbed during the renovation, and failed to properly dispose of the material. The first six floors were occupied during the renovation.</p><br>
<p>The lawsuit was filed after the Polk County Health Dept. forwarded an anonymous complaint about the renovation project to the DNR in the latter part of 2007, and the DNR investigated and documented numerous violations. The DNR issued an administrative order requiring Equitable L.P. to stop activities until all floors were thoroughly inspected and all asbestos-containing material was removed by a licensed asbestos-abatement contractor – but Equitable L.P. continued with renovation in violation of the order, the suit alleged. The DNR issued a second Notice of Violation to Equitable L.P. in February 2008 for failing to comply with the earlier DNR administrative order. The renovations were completed in 2008 with no additional violations reported.</p><br>
<p>On May 5, 2009, Polk County District Court Judge D.J. Stovall entered a “Consent Order, Judgment and Decree” that ordered Equitable L.P. to pay a $500,000 environmental civil penalty for conducting extensive renovations of the historic Equitable Building in downtown Des Moines without taking required precautions for the presence of asbestos-containing material. Judge Stovall also permanently prohibited any further violations.</p><br>
<p>“This is the largest civil penalty by far in Iowa for asbestos violations,” said Attorney General Tom Miller. “We alleged Equitable L.P. completely ignored asbestos-handling requirements during renovations from 2005 to 2007, until the Iowa DNR became involved.” Department of Natural Resources Director Richard Leopold said the amount of the civil penalty underscores the importance of properly handling and disposing of asbestos during renovation and demolition projects. “What’s important to remember is that asbestos poses potentially serious health implications and that we do not have a situation like this happen again,” Leopold said. “This enforcement action should serve as a warning that the regulations relating to asbestos removal and disposal will be vigorously enforced.”</p><br>
<p>In the Consent Order, Judgment and Decree entered May 5, 2009, Equitable L.P. admitted that it:</p><br>
<p>Failed to thoroughly inspect the Equitable Building for the presence of asbestos prior to starting renovation activities.</p><br>
<p>Failed to submit written notice of renovation activities to the DNR before beginning the renovation.</p><br>
<p>Conducted the building renovation without taking precautions for the potential presence of asbestos-containing material.</p><br>
<p>Asbestos – which often is present in older building materials – is regulated as a hazardous air pollutant. It can cause lung disease and cancer, especially if it is contained in dust when asbestos-containing material is crumbled, pulverized or reduced to powder. State and federal laws and regulations have stringent requirements for handling regulated asbestos-containing material during demolition or renovations.</p><br>
<p>The Criminal Case</p><br>
<p>A federal grand jury indicted Russell Coco, the supervisor of the Equitable Building renovation, and developer Bob Knapp, owner of the building, on 11 counts, accusing them of gutting several floors of the Equitable Building while large amounts of asbestos were present, then improperly disposing of the material.</p><br>
<p>Bob Knapp pleaded guilty to two charges in February 2011 for his role at the head of a conspiracy to ignore federal asbestos regulations during a three-year renovation project at the Equitable Building. Knapp was sentenced on June 22, 2011, to 41 months behind bars.</p><br>
<p>Knapp was paroled on March 25, 2014. On March 30, 2014, Knapp was found dead in a burned out car near Panora, Iowa, after stealing it from an acquaintance in Waukee whom he had been staying with. Federal authorities had reported Knapp to have escaped home confinement.</p><br>
<p>Russell Coco also pleaded guilty in February to charges of conspiracy to impede and impair Environmental Protection Agency asbestos removal procedures and violations of the work practice requirements of the Clean Air Act. Coco was sentenced on July 13, 2011, to three years of probation for his involvement in the illegal removal of asbestos from the building.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership</h2><br>
<p>Local developer Bob Knapp purchased the building for $5 million in 2005 using a loan from Vantus Bank. His aim was to convert some floors into upscale apartments. In March 2009 Great Southern Bank, having acquired the loan after the failure of Vantus Bank, foreclosed on the property. The Equitable Building was scheduled to be sold at auction on September 30, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Equitable building was sold to Equitable Lofts LLC, on February 15, 2012 and has been converted into upscale apartments.</p><br>
<p>The Harris County Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located in Hamilton, Georgia. Built in 1908, it was designed by Georgia-born American architect Edward Columbus Hosford. He is noted for his designs of courthouses and other buildings found in Florida, Georgia and Texas. Harris County&#39;s was the second courthouse he had ever designed.</p><br>
<p>On September 18, 1980, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Dodge County Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located in Eastman, Georgia. Built in 1908, it was designed by Eastman-born American architect Edward Columbus Hosford, who is noted for the courthouses and other buildings that he designed in Florida, Georgia and Texas. The builder was M.L. Lewman & Company. This was the very first courthouse Hosford had ever designed. His commission was controversial because his father, Charlie Columbus Hosford, was a member of the building committee appointed by the county commissioners. Since Edward C. Hosford then lived in Atlanta, it was rumored that he was going to farm the project out to the more experienced architect who had been bypassed in order to give him the commission, but he moved back to Eastman and did all the work himself.</p><br>
<p>On September 18, 1980, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Ashburton House, also known as St. Johns Church Parish House or the British Legation, is a historic house at 1525 H Street NW, on Lafayette Square in Washington, D.C. Built in 1836, it is notable as the residence of Lord Ashburton in 1842, during which time negotiations took place there culminating the Webster–Ashburton Treaty. This settled a long list of border disputes between the USA and the British provinces that are now Canada, and ended the Aroostook War. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973. It presently serves as the parish house for St. Johns Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Ashburton House stands on the north side of H Street, facing Lafayette Square to the south, just east of St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church, to which it is now connected by a narrow hyphen. It is a -story brick structure, with a mansard roof. The roof has a broad eave supported by decorative brackets, and is pierced by dormers with deeply pedimented gables. Its main facade is five bays wide, with each outer pair projecting slightly. Windows on the ground floor, and the center entrance, are framed by bracketed gabled lintels. Second floor windows have flat bracketed lintels, and third floor windows have simpler entablatures. The central windows on the second and third floor are three-part windows in the Palladian style, with narrow side windows.</p><br>
<p>Matthew St. Clair Clarke, clerk of the United States House of Representatives, purchased land for the house in 1834 and began the original brick building in 1836. Shortly afterwards, it was sold to Joseph Gales, publisher of the National Intelligencer and a past Mayor of Washington, D.C. Lord Alexander Ashburton took up residence in the house in 1842, which was rented for him by United States Secretary of State Daniel Webster. While he lived there, the two men negotiated the Webster-Ashburton Treaty in its parlor, which resolved most of the boundary disputes between the USA and the British Canadian provinces as far west as the Great Lakes. Ashburton was succeeded by novelist Edward Bulwer-Lytton; both made changes to Clark&#39;s design. The house received its French Second Empire design in the 1850s, designed by Thomas U. Walter. It again underwent alteration in the 1870s.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s acquired the building 1953, and adapted its interior for use as a parish hall. A $5.5 million renovation of the house was completed in 2018.</p><br>
<p>Early in the morning of June 1, 2020, during local protests following the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis police, a fire was set in the basement of Ashburton House. The fire was contained to one room, the nursery.</p><br>
<p>Joel Chandler Harris House, also known as The Wren&#39;s Nest or Snap Bean Farm, is a Queen Anne style house at 1050 Ralph D. Abernathy Blvd. , SW.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962 for its association with Harris, and is also designated as a historic building by the City of Atlanta. It is now a historic house museum.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The house was built circa 1868 in an area then known for its upper-class residents. Harris began renting the home in 1881 before buying it two years later thanks to earnings from his first book Uncle Remus: Songs and Sayings. He lived here until his death in 1908. Harris had the home extended with six additional rooms and a new Queen Anne-style facade added in 1884. A furnace, indoor plumbing, and electricity were added circa 1900.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1880s and early 1890s, Harris&#39;s goddaughter, Daisy Baker, who would become Margaret Dumont, lived at Snap Bean Farm.</p><br>
<p>Harris originally referred to the home as Snap Bean Farm, as a reference to fellow author Eugene Fields home Sabine Farm. The name "Wrens Nest" came from his discovery of a family of wrens living in the mailbox in the spring of 1895.</p><br>
<p>After several years of correspondence, Indiana poet James Whitcomb Riley visited Harris at Wrens Nest in 1900. Harriss children were especially interested in Riley and nicknamed him Uncle Jeems.</p><br>
<p>Ultimately, Harris wrote more than twenty books while living in the home as well as several editorials for the Atlanta Constitution and various articles for magazines and newspapers — including his own, The Uncle Remus Home Magazine.</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>After Harris&#39;s death, businessman Andrew Carnegie donated $5,000 toward establishing the home as a museum. He had met Harris there in 1900 during a 20-minute visit. From 1913 to 1953, the home was managed by the Uncle Remus Memorial Association, a group of volunteers who operated the house as a museum. In 1983, the organization became known as the Joel Chandler Harris Association.</p><br>
<p>The home still contains furnishings owned by Harris and utilizes the original paint colors. The house became known as Wrens Nest in 1900 after the Harris children found a wren had built a nest in the mail box; the family built a new mailbox in order to leave the nest undisturbed. The structure was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962. The original mailbox that housed the family of wrens and led to the homes name was recreated during a renovation in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The organization that maintains the Wrens Nest offers tours and regular storytelling. The organization also has two writing programs for Atlanta area youth: KIPP Scribes, in partnership with APS charter school KIPP STRIVE Academy, and Wrens Nest Publishing Company, an entirely high school student run literary journal.</p><br>
<p>The Paul Laurence Dunbar House was the 1904–1906 home of poet Paul Laurence Dunbar in Dayton, Ohio. It is a historic house museum owned by the state of Ohio and operated by Dayton History on behalf of the Ohio Historical Society; it is also part of Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park. It is located at 219 Paul Laurence Dunbar Street  in Dayton.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dunbar had a long association with Dayton. He was born there in 1872, the son of former slaves, and his first poems were printed in the Dayton Herald in 1888. His first book, Oak and Ivy (1892) was published in Dayton by the United Brethren Publishing House as well.</p><br>
<p>After serving as an elevator operator in Dayton and meeting some success for his writings, Dunbar took a job in Washington, D.C., at the Library of Congress.</p><br>
<p>Dunbar purchased the home for his mother, Matilda Dunbar, in June 1904. The house is an eight-room brick structure on a quiet street. When Dunbar separated from his wife Alice Ruth Moore in 1902, he moved in as well.</p><br>
<p>By the time Dunbar moved into the house, he was sick with tuberculosis and struggling with alcoholism. It was in this home that Dunbar died in 1906. His death that February was signified by a black wreath which hung on the front door of the home.</p><br>
<p>After Dunbars death, his mother Matilda lived here for the remainder of her life and kept his books, manuscripts, and study as he left them. In 1932, it was reported that Matilda held an open house every year on June 27, the anniversary of her sons birth. She died on February 24, 1934.</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>The home was purchased by the state of Ohio in 1936; It is a component of the National Aviation Heritage Area.</p><br>
<p>A visitors center includes displays memorabilia relating to Dunbar&#39;s life and work. The visitors center is housed in a neighboring building. The property includes an old barn.</p><br>
<p>The Edward D. Libbey House is a historic house museum at 2008 Scottwood Avenue in Toledo, Ohio. Built in 1895, it was the home of Edward Libbey , a businessman who revolutionized the glass making industry in the United States. Libbey and his wife, Florence Scott Libbey would later establish the Toledo Museum of Art in 1901.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1983. The property was purchased in 2008 by The Libbey House Foundation with the intent to restore the house to its original condition</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Edward D. Libbey House is located in the Old West End District, at the corner of Scottwood Avenue and Woodruff Avenue. It is a Shingle style home designed by architect David L. Stine and built in 1895. It is stories in height, with a foundation of fieldstone and brick, and a shingled exterior. It has asymmetrical massing typical of the style, with gables of varying size, projecting and recessed sections, and a porch supported by clusters of Tuscan columns.</p><br>
<p>Edward Libbey, a native of Massachusetts, was trained in the manufacture of glass at the New England Glass Company, and came to Toledo in 1888, where he established a new glass works with former employees of that firm. Working with inventor Michael Joseph Owens, Libbey proceeded to revolutionize the manufacture of glass, creating automated equipment for producing all manner of glass products, including light bulbs, bottles, glass tubing, and window glass. He eventually founded several different firms in support of these and other innovations.</p><br>
<p>Libbey owned the house until is death in 1925; it is the only significant surviving architectural artifact associated with his life. It remained a private residence until 1965, when it was purchased by the Toledo Society for the Handicapped. It is now owned and operated by a dedicated non-profit charity.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Hallock House is a historic house located at 241 West Main Street in Catskill, Greene County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>built in about 1855, the two-story residence is architecturally significant as a highly intact representation of the mid-nineteenth-century architecture of the town. Its style is transitional, with elements of both Greek Revival and Italianate styles.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 10, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The John Sherman Birthplace is a historic house museum at 137 East Main Street in Lancaster, Ohio. Also known as the Sherman House Museum, it is notable as the childhood home of John Sherman , politician and statesman and his older brother, General William T. Sherman , Union Army. The museum is primarily devoted to the General. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964, primarily for its association with John Sherman, namesake of the Sherman Antitrust Act. The museum is operated by the Fairfield Heritage Association, which offers tours seasonally.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Sherman House is located on the north side of East Main Street in downtown Lancaster, between Broad and High Streets. It is a two-story brick building with a low-pitch hip roof and Italianate styling, with an older two-story wood-frame ell at the rear. The main facade is three bays wide, with a single-story porch extending across the front. The porch has bracketed and paneled posts, a dentil cornice, and a low balustrade. The main entrance is in the rightmost bay, with flanking pilasters rising to a corniced entablature set above a half-round transom. Windows are set in segmented-arch openings, with corniced surrounds.</p><br>
<p>The rear frame section of the house was built in 1811, and enlarged by 1816 by Judge Charles Sherman. It was in this house that his two most famous sons, John and William, were born. General William Tecumseh Sherman achieved great fame during the American Civil War, and it is Victorian-era furnishings that now dominate the interior. John Sherman made important contributions to the nation, serving as Treasury Secretary under President Rutherford B. Hayes and as Secretary of State under William McKinley. As United States Senator, Sherman saw through the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act, the nation&#39;s principal legal weapon against monopolistic business practices.</p><br>
<p>The brick main section of the house was built in 1870, after the period of Sherman ownership. The house has been operated as a museum honoring the family since 1951.</p><br>
<p>Wilson Bruce Evans House is a historic house at 33 East Vine Street in Oberlin, Ohio, United States. Completed in 1856, it served a major stop on the Underground Railroad, with its builders, Wilson Bruce Evans and Henry Evans, participating the 1858 Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, a celebrated rescue of a slave. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Wilson Bruce Evans House is located south of downtown Oberlin, on the south side of East Vine Street opposite Martin Luther King Jr. Park, a small public park behind Oberlin City Hall. The house is a two-story brick structure, covered by a hip roof. The roof has extended eaves studded with decorative brackets. A single-story porch extends across the front, its shed roof supported by square brick piers. The interior is finished with high-quality woodwork, milled and shaped by Wilson Bruce Evans and Henry Evans. The house was built 1854-56 by the Evans brothers, two free African-Americans, and was occupied by Wilson Bruce Evans and his family. At the time of its landmark designation in 1997, it was still in the hands of their descendants.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Evans house was the home of Wilson Bruce Evans, a prominent African-American abolitionist and early benefactor of Oberlin College, the first college to admit students of color. Evans rose to national attention after his importance in the 1858 Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, one of the events that challenged the controversial Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. Although Evans was not an outspoken abolitionist like his colleagues Sojourner Truth and Frederick Douglass, Evans was cited as a man who "put justice above his own safety." The house was a frequent stop for travelers on the Underground Railroad such as Harriet Tubman.</p><br>
<p>Dorchester Academy was a school for African-Americans located just outside Midway, Georgia. Operating from 1869 to 1940, its campus, of which only the 1935 Dorchester Academy Boys Dormitory survives, was the primary site of the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences Citizen Education Program. This program, ran here from 1961 to 1970, worked toward attaining equality for blacks in the American South by teaching them their rights and helping them acquire the knowledge necessary to become registered voters by passing the required test. The dormitory building was designated a USA National Historic Landmark in 2006 for its later role in the American civil rights movement, and for its association with activist Septima Poinsette Clark, who oversaw the education program. The campus, which includes several later buildings, is now a museum and research center.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Dorchester Academy campus is located at the corner of Lewis Fraser Road and East Oglethorpe Highway (United States Route 84), a short way west of Midways city hall. The campus wraps around the Midway Congregational Church, which stands directly at the street corner. Facing East Oglethorpe is a small concrete block cottage that now houses the main museum for interpreting the site. Behind this, facing Lewis Fraser, is the two-story Georgian Revival boys dormitory, the only building to survive the academy&#39;s closure in 1940. Ancillary buildings and structures include a barbecue pit, former swimming pool site and pool house, and a single-story annex to the dormitory.</p><br>
<p>The Dorchester Academy was founded in 1869 by the American Missionary Association, a forerunner of the present United Church of Christ. The school was established to educate local freed African-Americans after the American Civil War. Many of the academys buildings were destroyed by fire in the 1930s, and the complex was rebuilt. The school closed in 1940, at which time most of its then-extant buildings were torn down, leaving only the 1935 boys dormitory. That building was adapted for use in 1961 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference as the headquarters for its Citizenship Education Program, a vehicle for training African-Americans in the effective exercise of their civil rights. This program was overseen by activist Septima Poinsette Clark, who was called the "mother of the movement" by Martin Luther King Jr., and established hundreds of education centers across the American South.</p><br>
<p>Notable alumni of Dorchester Academy include architect Sanford Augustus Brookins.</p><br>
<p>Dorchester Academy was listed on the National Trust for Historic Preservations 2009 list of Americas Most Endangered Places.</p><br>
<h2>Photos</h2><br>
<p>Dorchester Academy front entrance.JPGFront entrance</p><br>
<p>Dorchester Academy side entrance.JPGSide entrance</p><br>
<p>Dorchester Academy historical marker.jpgAcademy historical marker</p><br>
<p>Dorchester Academy Boys Dorm historical marker.jpgBoys Dorm historical marker</p><br>
<p>Dorchester Academy arch.jpgArch, by class of 1927</p><br>
<p>Dorchester_Academy_1874.jpgOlder building, ca. 1874</p><br>
<p>The Hop-o&#39;-Nose Knitting Mill was a structure representative of the industrial history of Catskill, New York in the nineteenth century. The mill was built by Wolfe Bros., carpenters, and Mull & Fromer, Masons and Builders, in 1881 at 130 West Main Street. West Main Street is located on the western side of Catskill Creek, while East Main Street is on the eastern side of the creek. The mill was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 as Hop-O-Nose Knitting Mill. It has since been demolished, with the exception of the tower, which remains overlooking a lot full of brick demolition debris.</p><br>
<p>The former First Church of Christ, Scientist, located at 2200 Overlook Road, in the University Circle area of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States is an historic building that was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 20, 2003.</p><br>
<p>Built from 1929 to 1931 at a cost of $1 million, it was designed by the noted Cleveland firm of Walker and Weeks, who later designed Severance Hall, to which this building is sometimes compared. An unusual feature of the building is its tall minaret-like semi-detached bell tower, which now functions only as a smokestack. Known today as the Nottingham-Spirk Innovation Center, the building is now owned by Nottingham Spirk, which from 2003 to 2005 renovated it for its headquarters. The present First Church of Christ, Scientist building is located at 3181 Fairmount Boulevard in Cleveland Heights.</p><br>
<p>The Dixie Coca-Cola Bottling Company Plant, also known as Baptist Student Center, or Baptist Collegiate Ministry at Georgia State University, is a historic building at 125 Edgewood Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia. Built in 1891, it was the headquarters and bottling plant of the Dixie Coca-Cola Bottling Company, and the place where the transition from Coca-Cola as a drink served at a soda fountain to a mass-marketed bottled soft drink took place. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1983, and is one of the only buildings in Atlanta dating to Coca-Cola&#39;s early history. Since 1966 the building has been the Baptist Student Ministry location for Georgia State University.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Dixie Coca-Cola building is located in downtown Atlanta, at the southeast corner of Edgewood Avenue and Courtland Street. It is a relatively small two-story structure, mostly built out of brick, with a projecting wood-frame clapboarded square turret at the corner. The building is irregularly shaped, due in part to the unusual lot on which it stands. Its Edgewood Avenue facade has three large arched windows on the first floor, and Queen Anne-style variety of shapes defining its roof line at and above the second level.</p><br>
<p>The building was built in 1891, and was from 1900 to 1901 home to the Dixie Coca-Cola Bottling Company, established by Benjamin Franklin Thomas and Joseph Brown Whitehead in 1899 as the exclusive bottler of Coca-Cola for a large part of the United States. Of ten sites definitively established with the early history of Coca-Cola (which was first distributed as a fountain drink from facilities in the city in 1887), it is the only one still standing. Since 1966, it has served as Georgia State University&#39;s Baptist Student Center. It had deteriorated in condition by the 1970s, including some loss of its historic integrity, but has since undergone at least an exterior restoration.</p><br>
<p>The Elihu Benjamin Washburne House, also known as the Washburne-Sheehan House, is a -story Greek Revival house located at 908 Third Street in Galena, Illinois. Constructed in 1844&ndash;45, the building was built for and owned by Elihu Benjamin Washburne, a prominent Galena lawyer who served in Congress during the American Civil War, and as Secretary of State and Minister to France under President Ulysses S. Grant, another famous Galenian. The Washburne House was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Born to a prominent political family from Maine which played a major role in founding the Republican Party, Elihu Washburne moved to Galena to practice law in 1840, and the success and social standing he gained became reflected in his house, the design and construction of which was supervised by Washburne himself. The house was enlarged to its present size in 1859, while Washburne was serving in Congress. Washburne and his wife, Adele Gratiot Washburne, owned the house until 1882, when they moved to Chicago. Washburne died in Chicago in 1887, and is buried at Greenwood Cemetery in Galena.</p><br>
<p>At some point after the Washburnes moved to Chicago, the house was purchased by the Sheehan family, which owned the house until 1968, when it was sold to the State of Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Elihu B. Washburne House represents a good example of late Greek Revival architecture. The house was built in the style of Greek temples and features a two-story porch with four fluted Doric columns.</p><br>
<h2>State historic site</h2><br>
<p>The Elihu B. Washburne House is administered by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency and is open to the public for tours. The Washburne House is a declared Illinois State Historic Site.</p><br>
<p>The house is open for guided tours of the first floor and two second-floor bedrooms. Tours emphasize Elihu Washburne and his Civil War-era friendships with Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses S. Grant. The rooms are furnished to reflect the mid-19th-century life of a well-to-do midwestern professional.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The USA National Register of Historic Places added the Washburne House to its listings on July 5, 1973. The Washburne House also lies within the Galena Historic District, designated in 1969, the district has more than 1,000 contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>The Old Stone Hotel, also known as the Warren Community Building or Warren House Hotel, was constructed in 1851 as a stagecoach station. It was located closely to the crossing of two stagecoach routes near the Illinois-Wisconsin border in the village of Warren, Illinois, United States. The building was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Old Stone Hotel, or Warren House Hotel, was built as a stagecoach station in 1851 by F. Tisdall. The current building maintains its historic appearance down to the white picket fence surrounding the structure. When the building was constructed two stagecoach trails crossed near Warren. The Chicago-Galena Trail and the Sucker Trail, which went from St. Louis to the lead smelting operations in Wiota, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Old Stone Hotel was built in the early Georgian style and constructed from block limestone; the buildings exterior remains unaltered from its original form and appearance. The east wing of the first floor was altered into a large ballroom but much of the rest of the first floor remains unaltered. Upstairs, is the building caretakers apartment, which served as the station owner&#39;s apartment when the building was used as a stagecoach stop. The former third floor ballroom serves a similar purpose as offices for village administration.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The hotel was a stop along the crossing of two major stagecoach routes and hosted prominent visitors such as Ulysses S. Grant, a resident of nearby Galena, on multiple occasions. The building was restored and used as the Warren Community Building in recent years. On April 16, 1975 the USA National Register of Historic Places and its Keeper of the Register approved the listing of the Old Stone Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The Bevier House Museum, referred to simply as the Bevier House or Bevier Stone House prior to its conversion from a private residence, is located in Marbletown, near Kingston, New York. The house is also the home of the Ulster County Historical Society and is currently open to the public as a museum.</p><br>
<p>Bevier House is believed to have been constructed around 1680 by Andries Pieterse Van Leuven. The original part of the house, currently the kitchen, was designed in the Dutch style and was probably a one-room, one-story structure. In 1715, the house was bought for 440 pounds from Pieter Andries Van Leuven who expanded the structure and operated it as part of a large farm. The house was donated to the Historical Society in 1938 after being used by seven generations of the Bevier Family between 1715 and 1939, during which it was expanded to the two-story building currently standing.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The museum displays a series of additions and renovations that explain its history and provide context for the artifacts donated by the family and numerous others. The museum&#39;s collection includes farm implements, home furnishings and decor, and an array of American Civil War memorabilia relating directly to Ulster County. It also includes the earliest-known land grant map for Ulster County.</p><br>
<p>Fort James Jackson  is a restored nineteenth-century fort located one mile east of Savannah, Georgia, on the Savannah River. It is currently operated by the Coastal Heritage Society as Old Fort Jackson, a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the fort was built, was sold by Nichols Turnbull in 1808. Initially, a structure named Fort Mud was built, but was lost to fire in 1833.</p><br>
<p>Named in honor of James Jackson (1757–1806), a British-born political figure in Georgia, Fort Jackson was constructed between 1808 and 1812 to protect the city of Savannah from attack by sea. It was engineered by William McRee who had just graduated from West Point. During the American Civil War, it became one of three Confederate forts that defended Savannah from Union forces (the other two were Fort McAllister and Fort Pulaski).</p><br>
<p>When the Union army commanded by William T. Sherman captured Savannah by land in December 1864, it took Fort Jackson almost immediately.</p><br>
<p>The fort was renamed Fort Oglethorpe in 1885, in honor of Georgia&#39;s founder Lieutenant-General James Edward Oglethorpe. Between 1885 and 1905, the fort was little used by the USA military.</p><br>
<p>Fort Jackson is located at 1 Fort Jackson Road, on the Islands Expressway linking Savannah to Fort Pulaski and the town of Tybee Island. Fort Jackson is owned by the state of Georgia and operated as a museum by the Coastal Heritage Society. The Fort has several daily cannon and small-arms firing demonstrations every day of the week.</p><br>
<p>The Juliette Gordon Low Historic District consists of three buildings in Savannah, Georgia, which are associated with the origins of the Girl Scouts of the USA. They are the birthplace of Juliette Gordon Low, at 10 East Oglethorpe Avenue, the Andrew Low House, at 329 Abercorn Street, and the Andrew Low Carriage House , at 330 Drayton Street.</p><br>
<p>The birthplace and headquarters was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965. The Andrew Low house, where Juliette lived with her husband, was a later addition to the National Register application, creating the Juliette Gordon Low Landmark District in 1966. These properties are also located within the Savannah Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Juliette Gordon Low Birthplace, also known as the Wayne–Gordon House, was built in 1820 for James Moore Wayne, then-mayor of Savannah. Wayne moved to Washington, D.C., when he was appointed to fill an unexpired term in the United States House of Representatives and, then, to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States.</p><br>
<p>Low was born in the house on October 31, 1860, and spent her childhood there.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Low House was owned by Low&#39;s father-in-law, Andrew Low. William Low inherited the house when his father died and the couple maintained it as their American residence.</p><br>
<p>Still living in England after her husband died in 1905, Low met Robert Baden Powell, founder of the Boy Scouts, and his sister, Agnes, who oversaw the Girl Guides. Low and some girls met informally at the Wayne-Gordan House in March 1912. Low organized the first Girl Guides troop on March 12, 1912, at the Andrew Low House; the group became the Girl Scouts in 1913.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Low Carriage House, at the rear (to the west) of the main house, at 330 Drayton Street, served as the headquarters for the Girl Scouts until 1913. Low left the carriage house to the Savannah Area Girl Scout Council when she died in 1927; the Girl Scouts used the building until 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Low House was purchased by the National Society of the Colonial Dames of America in Georgia in 1928, after Low died. The society uses it as its state headquarters.</p><br>
<p>The Girl Scouts of the USA purchased the Birthplace from the Low family in 1953 and began an extensive renovation of the dilapidated building. In 1956, Savannah landscape architect Clermont Huger Lee created a courtyard and garden design for the site in the style of a Victorian parterre garden. Opened in 1956 as a historic house museum, the Birthplace features many original Gordon family furnishings, including art by Low. The museum interprets Low&#39;s life and the history of the Girl Scouts.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Wayne-Low House or Birthplace is attributed to the English architect William Jay, who worked in Savannah. The Federal style Birthplace was constructed in 1821 of brick that was covered in stucco that is scored to look like stone. The two-story house with a raised basement has a floorplan that typical of other houses of its era in Savannah; locally, this style is called the "Savannah house". The Birthplace was an expanded version of the Savannah house style with Regency features such as two curved bay windows in the back, plaster cornices and ceiling medallions, marble fireplaces, and shallow recessed elliptical blind arches around the windows of the second story. Both its scored stucco and the arches create illusions that resemble more expensive construction materials and techniques. Its entrance is a one-story portico that projects from the house with brownstone steps on both sides. It has recessed double doors that are framed by modified Tuscan colums. Its main floor includes double parlors, a dining room, a drawing room, and a central hall with curved stairs. The second story has four bedrooms, dressing rooms, and a trunk room.</p><br>
<p>Lows parents renovated the Birthplace and added a third floor and side portico in 1886. This work was designed by Detlef, Lienau, a New York architect. The new third floor includes five bedrooms and two bathrooms. On the exterior, it had a hipped roof, a bracketed cornice, and windows that featured quoins at their corners. The renovation also added a kitchen to the first floor, adjacent to the new side porch. During the World War II, the Birthplace was divided into apartments. As part of its conversion into apartments, the houses side porch was enclosed, and a kitchen extension was added to the upper floor. The apartments were removed during as part of the 1950s renovation.</p><br>
<p>The Birthplace includes its original stable, privy, and three one-room slave houses. During the 1930s, the stable was converted into a commercial building in the 1930s with the addition of a large window that faced Bull Street.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Low House was built in 1847 and is located several blocks from the Birthplace. It has an entry staircase made of brown sandstone and is flanked by two cast iron lions at the bottom of the stairs. The entrance door is surrounded by pilasters with capitals decorated with acanthus leaves and lotus leaves. It also has a cast iron balcony on its south side that runs along the six windows of the parlor and features guilloche patterns, ornamental railings, and a pagoda-style roof. Smaller cast iron balconies are located on its east side and are supported by cast iron brackets. At its back, the Andrew Low House has a three-story porch, supported by stuccoed posts. Inside, the house has a central hall with a passion flower ceiling medallion, sterling silver doorknobs, and doors surrounded by pediments and pilasters that repeat the exteriors Tower of the Winds motif. The parlors, dining room, and library have fireplace mantles made of black Egyptian marble. The second floor has five bedrooms and an original bathing room which featured running water from a 500 USAgal tank in the attic that also supplied water to the butlers pantry and kitchen. The tank filled from a rainwater cistern via a hand pump.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Low House carriage house and servants quarters is also known as the First Girl Scouts Headquarters. It is believed to have been constructed around 1849. The structure features a two-story central block with one-story wings on either side that connects to the garden walls. It is constructed from bricks covered in stucco with simple plaster pilasters that support a decorative stucco band at the cornice. It has a shallow pyramidal roof with wide eaves with decorative brackets. In 1912, Low remodeled the structure into a meeting place for the Girl Scouts. Changes included closing in the carriage doors that face Drayton Street and converting two doors of the main section into windows. Low also made significant changes to the carriage house&#39;s interior, removing or covering most of its original features.</p><br>
<p>The Ocean Drive Historic District is a historic district that covers the long street of the same name along the southern shore of Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1976, in recognition for its distinctive landscape  and architecture, which is less formal and generally not as ostentatious as the grand summer properties of Bellevue Avenue.</p><br>
<p>It consists of houses on large lots that overlook the beaches and ocean. It was a favorite picnicking spot of the wealthy summer residents of the mansions on nearby Bellevue Avenue in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Ocean Drive begins at an intersection with Ocean Avenue, a short distance from the southern terminus of Bellevue. It follows the shoreline closely in a roughly east–west direction, meandering as it does, to Brenton Point State Park on Aquidneck Island&#39;s southwestern corner, the only place it turns away from the shoreline. It then continues along the shore again, with views toward Conanicut Island, before it ends just south of Fort Adams.</p><br>
<p>The topography along the road consists mainly of dunes and low hills, on which houses were built in a variety of late 19th and 20th century styles. The hills are mostly open, with occasional patches of scrubby bush and copses of trees. Land use is almost exclusively residential. Of the 53 buildings within the district, the few commercial structures are the clubhouses of private beaches and associated outbuildings (one, Gooseberry Beach, is open to the public). Unlike Newport&#39;s other historic districts, none of them are separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ocean Drive area was once farmland, distant from the center of town during the colonial era. The expansion of the city&#39;s development along Bellevue Avenue as the wealthy summer residents built grander and grander mansions eventually opened up the Ocean Drive area to development; however smaller houses were built due to the more rolling landscape. The area thus retains some of the character it originally had.</p><br>
<h2>Historic District Commission</h2><br>
<p>To maintain the districts historic character, the city created its Historic District Commission (HDC) at the same time as the district itself. It consists of nine citizens appointed to three-year terms by the City Council to oversee not just the downtown historic district but Newports other historic districts, two of which (downtown and Bellevue Avenue) are also recognized as National Historic Landmarks. The city considers them all one large district for its administrative purposes.</p><br>
<p>The HDC must review any exterior alterations to a building in the district beyond ordinary maintenance and repair, and issue a Certificate of Appropriateness. It cannot order any changes made to a property.</p><br>
<p>Millville is a defunct settlement in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, United States, located within the boundaries of Apple River Canyon State Park. Founded in 1835 and platted in 1846, the community was washed away completely by a flood in 1892. No visible remnants of its structures remain today. The site of Millville was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places as the Millville Town Site in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Millville was located in what is today the Apple River Canyon State Park; its physical address is within the village of Apple River. The canyon is a deep gorge carved by the Apple River when its course was diverted during the Illinoian Stage, 132,000&ndash;300,000 years ago. The old river channel eventually filled and became the South Fork Apple River. Millville was located at the confluence of these two rivers; the site is marked by a large rock formation and two plaques.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Millville was initially established in 1835 along the northern Chicago-Galena stagecoach route, a roadway today known as the Stagecoach Trail. John R. Smith and the Burbridge family were responsible for the villages first buildings and a saw mill was erected between 1835&ndash;36. It developed as an important rural service stop along that stagecoach route. Millville was significant in the early history of Jo Daviess County, serving as a civic and commercial hub from 1838&ndash;53. According to 1878s The History of Jo Daviess County, Illinois, the town itself was platted on April 14, 1846 within Rush Township by John R. Smith.</p><br>
<p>Millville faced decline after the railroads entered Jo Daviess County during the 1850s. Still, the town served as a minor commercial center for several decades after. In 1853&ndash;54 the Illinois Central Railroad bypassed Millville relegating it to a future as a "backwater town". Despite this, two prominent commercial operations remained in business into the late 19th century, the grist mill and a blacksmith shop. The blacksmith shop, eight buildings, two homes and a school are shown in town maps as late as 1872.</p><br>
<p>The towns fate was sealed by a June 1892 flood which reportedly swept away all of the towns remaining buildings, leaving no trace of Millville in its wake. Heavy rains swelled the pond at the Cox Mill, ¼ mile from Millville, causing the mill dam to burst. The mill pond waters tore down Clear Creek and poured into the South Fork Apple River, rushing toward Millville. The town&#39;s buildings, unable to withstand the deluge, were swept away by the violent river.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics and cityscape</h2><br>
<p>By 1847 a large grist mill was constructed in the town, replacing the earlier saw mill.</p><br>
<p>The most concentrated part of town was laid out on the flood plain at the rivers&#39; confluence, other structures were built along the bluffs flanking the river. Millville covered 25 acre and consisted of about 10 blocks, approximately laid out in a north-south grid.</p><br>
<p>The 1850 census provides little illumination about the number of people in Millville. Through the census information, however, 27 households can be derived, as well as the place of origin for many of those heads of households as well as their occupations. Settlers in Millville originated in 11 different states with Kentucky and New York being the most common, only three were native Illinoisians, and one was foreign-born. Of the 1850 population of Millville, 19 people were engaged in commercial or trade occupation, 17 were farmers or laborers and at least 6 were involved in lead mining.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological investigation</h2><br>
<p>Multiple archaeological surveys have taken place at the Millville site. One such survey occurred when the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) prepared to replace an old bridge across the South Fork Apple River within the state park. An archaeological team, from the Resource Investigation Program at the University of Illinois, reported a buried layer of top soil about 70&ndash;80 cm beneath the surface with extensive 19th century ceramics and mortar as well as an area of stone that may have been part of a building foundation. The team determined that the building of the bridge would disturb the site and recommended further survey, no other work was done at the right-of-way, and IDOT approved the project in December 1991.</p><br>
<p>Today, the site is open to the public and marked by a plaque; visitors to Apple River Canyon are allowed to walk about the site and even picnic. However, metal detectors and artifact removal are not allowed, and the town site is protected by state and federal law.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Millville was an important town along the stagecoach route from Chicago to Galena, and played an important early role in the history of Jo Daviess County. The town site is an archaeologically important site that surveys have shown to be in good condition. Artifact recovery at the site in the future has the potential to yield new information about the day-to-day habits of those living in Millville. For these reasons, the Millville Town Site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 3, 2003.</p><br>
